Gay Marriage Moment Essay - 951 Words

Gay Marriage Moment Gay marriage should be allowed nobody is perfect. In this world we all have the ability to love somebody. We shouldn’t judge others, all of us are human beings just because we don’t like a man or women of our kind. Each one of us that are homosexuals or lesbians or gays. Doesn’t mean that we can’t have the same things as men and women some people believe that same sex marriage is against their morals and their religious won’t accept it. Gay marriage should be allowed because the government shouldn’t interfere with people’s personal life, same-sex marriage deserves the same benefits of marriage as any other couple, however, the opposing side believes same-sex marriage is against their morals and religious beliefs; A†¦show more content†¦Also, the government thinks that he owns marriage with power but it shouldn’t be that way. It is stated from the book the â€Å"Homosexuality by the author Robert H. Knight†, †Å"One possible answer is that the government owns it by virtue of its power to enact legislation that grants married persons certain privileges while charging them with certain responsibilities. The government basic wants to control this people that are not straight. Just because they are gay or lesbian or homosexual just mean that they do wrong to our society. They have the same right as a straight couple. It is just that people are not very aware, and they don’t do research about it. That’s why they see everything wrong about it. In the book â€Å"Homosexuality† It is Vernell stated â€Å"But psychologists and theologians have â€Å"in every way† sought to elevate heterosexual love and debase demean, pathologize, vilify or deny love between people of the same sex-reduce it to lust, claim it†¦.† That we cannot deny the love if we are attracted to our same sex then that’s our choice and nobody must tell them nothing. The catholic church is against gay marriage because of their values. It is stated in the America article, Growing Latino Catholic population challenges, energizes church, â€Å"Mexico City Cardinal Norberto Rivera Carrera criticized the city’s legalization of gay marriage and adoption by same-sex couples†. It is because of this people that oppose gay marriage cannot be legalize.Show MoreRelatedBenefits Of Same Sex Marriage1687 Words   |  7 PagesBenefit of homosexual Marriage in the U.S.A How do we look at the gay marriage? Did they have freedom in the U.S? What are their rights? In 1958, the supreme court of the United States said they can’t support gay marriage. Through this journey from that time until now, American change a lot of rules for the gay marriage as a legal protection against discrimination, they can marry in at least seventeen states and adopt children (Walter Frank 1).In additional they can get married at most in 36 states(StewartRead MoreA Clear Understanding Of Gay And Lesbian Families Essay1707 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: The purpose of this essay is to give a clear understanding of gay and lesbian families. This essay will discuss relative information and problems of this client group focusing on the demographic, history, polices, issues faced by the group as well as relevant support groups and programs available. This essay will discuss these topics by drawing on existing published scholarly literature and relevant, credible published sources. The second part of this essay will be a reflection of an eventRead MoreHow Groups Throughout The United States Essay926 Words   |  4 PagesThis essay will discuss how groups in the U.S. have worked to confront and transform oppression through three different social movements. The following social movements will be discussed: Marriage Equality (Gay Rights Movement), Occupy Wall Street, and Black Lives Matter. I have explored each movement’s history, origins, and key players. Also, how and why the movement emerged. In addition, I will talk about some of the strategies employed by each movement, what the movement achieved, and how technologyRead MoreMy Opinions On Same Sex Marriage Debate1632 Words   |  7 PagesMy Opinions In The Same-Sex Marriage Debate (First Year Composition Essay 2/6) By Wesley Whitley Same-Sex marriage has been a huge topic in recent days, weeks, months, and years. One by one numerous countries and states have realized that the right to marry is exactly that a RIGHT! But still so many fight against it through reasons of religion, fear of the unknown, or just to be hateful. Left and right they’ve tried every way possible to keep loving couples (some with children, either adoptedRead More Language, Power and Discourse of Sexuality: The case of Governor McGreevey1507 Words   |  7 Pagesannounced his resignation, that he had had an affair with a man, and that he was a gay American. A man in a position of power was both given power and gave power to the general public with his announcement. Consequently he opened up a multiplicity of discourses on the matter ranging from the true reason for his resignation, to the true meaning of the word Gay, to the effects that his coming out would have on the gay community. The case of governor McGreevey showed how langua ge can be powerful, helpfulRead MoreReligion And Its Effect On Society1627 Words   |  7 Pagesand arguments in our society because they do not get fair treatment unlike the others. Some of these examples of arguments that affect our society that I want to discuss in this essay include the controversial debate on abortion, rules in regard to dressing and how they dress, their food preferences, terrorism, and marriages. Mostly these arguments are a result of people who are ignorant, close minded, and have views that are different from others. If people respect each other’s views and beliefs,Read More Diversity Essay1591 Words   |  7 PagesPeople are not alike. Everyone is different. This essay will start by giving a detailed description of what diversity is and how it applies in todays modern society. Although sometimes linked to equality and used interchangeably, the terms ‘equality’ and ‘diversity’ are not the same. It will therefore be necessa ry to define diversity. For the purpose of this essay diversity will be used in the societal context, the word societal will be used in relation to human society and its members, social institutionsRead MoreLgbt History And The Modern Era1737 Words   |  7 Pages There are many topics prevalent shown throughout history. History books in today’s society highlight the majority of groups of people and historical events. This essay will prove that there is a problematic issue where LGBT lives and existences are being erased throughout history and the modern era. Throughout, it will be explained how these groups of people are being underrepresented within history, major wars, and the modern era. History covers a very broad spectrum of time, with recorded historyRead MoreEssay on Homosexuality in Hong Kong1477 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough literatures, movies and occasional news revealing celebrities homosexual behaviors. Simultaneously there has also been significant growth in commercial venues such as restaurants and bars, catering to gays and lesbians. In short, the social context of Hong Kong and the attitudes gays and lesbians are likely to hold about their sexual orientation are very different from those of previous generations. However, this is not proper to indicate that the homosexual minority, which consists ofRead MoreWhat Is an Essay?1440 Words   |  6 PagesBuscemi Essay #3 Rough Draft An essay is a creative written piece in which the author uses different styles such as diction, tone, pathos, ethos or logos to communicate a message to the reader using either a personal experience, filled with morals and parables, or a informative text filled with educational terms. Educational terms could mean the usage of complicated and elevated words or simply information you would get in schools. Some authors, such as Cynthia Ozick, claim that an essay has no

President Lyndon Johnson And The Vietnam War - 958 Words

President Lyndon Johnson asked U.S Congress for permission to increase the U.S military in Indochina, because two U.S destroyers called in that they had been fired on by North Vietnamese forces. President Johnson received authorization to proceed any actions that is necessary to get revenge and to encourage the repairs of security and worldwide peace, he was granted approval when Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. The Johnson Administration believed that increasing the U.S military presence in Vietnam was the only answer, the South Vietnamese troops stayed generally ineffective. In supporting South Vietnamese raids and applying a U.S program for the Lao border to disturb supply lines, U.S military started supporting South Vietnamese raids of the North Vietnamese coast. In the Gulf of Tonkin two destroyers by the name of the Maddox and the Turner Joy, were stationed to strengthen these action by The United States Navy. The commander on the Turner Joy reported being attacke d by North Vietnamese Patrol boats twice, once on August 2 and the second on August 4. However, doubts later occurred as to whether or not the Turner Joy was attacked. Under those circumstances, Johnson instantly asked permission from Congress to defend U.S militaries in Southeast Asia. The Senate passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution with just two restricting votes, and the House of Representatives passed it collectively. Congress upheld the determination with the supposition that the presidentShow MoreRelatedPresident Lyndon. B Johnson and the Vietnam War Essay1379 Words   |  6 Pages The conflict in Vietnam for the United States started when President Dwight D. Eisenhower went along with the domino theory and sent in military advisors in South Vietnam to stop the communist movement from taking place in South Vietnam. The Vietnam conflict was between the communist’s and the United States. North Vietnam was led by Ho Chi Minh, and Ho Chi Minh led the Viet Cong, a guerilla group to help spread communism. The United States were supporters of the South Vietnam because they wantedRead MoreLyndon Johnson1150 Words   |  5 PagesIn Larry L. King’s, Trapped: Lyndon Johnson and the Nightmare of Vietnam, Larry King makes his assessment of Lyndon Johnson. King states, â€Å"His personal history simply permitted him no retreats or failure in testing.† (Portrait of America page 313) What King is trying to say about Lyndon Johnson in this statement is that his past does not allow him to retreat or to fail. King describes Lyndon Johnson’s history by saying, â€Å"LBJ’s mother, who smothered him with affection and praise should he performRead More Lyndon Johnson Essay1259 Words   |  6 PagesLyndon Johnson Lyndon Johnson led the country for five years (1963-1968) after President John Fitzgerald Kennedy died of gunshot wounds on November 22, 1963. He formulated many policies and carried out many others that Kennedy could not finish. He faced many foreign problems as well, including the Vietnam War and the Cold War. How he dealt with foreign problems put him near last if not last in foreign affairs, when compared to other presidents. Johnson always talked to tourists and metRead MoreVietnam War and American Culture1684 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Vietnam Wars Impact on American Culture Donna Whittle DeVry University Introduction to Humanities I. Introduction and Thesis Statement In the 1960’s America went through many cultural changes. Martin Luther King Jr., a civil rights activist, delivered his famous, â€Å"I have a dream† speech. African Americans were fighting for peace, freedom and equality. The United States was involved in the Vietnam War, committed to anti-communism. African Americans were deployedRead MoreThe Vietnam War and Iraq1029 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the Vietnam War, between 1955 and 1984, fifty-eight thousand Americans lost their lives, as well as over three-million Vietnamese lost theirs. The financial cost to the United States comes to over one hundred-fifty-billion dollars. The causes of the Vietnam War were derived from the symptoms, components and consequences of the Cold War. The Vietnam War revolved around America’s belief that communism was a threat to expand all over South East Asia. With this being said the Vietnam War was bothRead MoreLyndon B Johnson And The Vietnam War1470 Words   |  6 Pagesand are all characteristics of war. The Vietnam War was a war that spanned almost twenty years, with over a decade of those years involving the United States military forces. During the war, elections so if things aren’t going your country’s way on the battlefront you are going to be on the hot seat. This is exactly what happened for Lyndon B Johnson amidst the Vietnam War. The year was 1968, with the incumbent President, not running for office anymore. The President of the United States was up forRead MorePresident Lyndon B. Johnson1227 Words   |  5 Pagesof becoming the President of the United States, but few realize the difficulties that a country’s leader must face: tough decisions, public scrutiny, and more. Because of this, the role of president can be considered one of the most difficult jobs in America. It is no wonder why individuals who attain the prestigious position will sometimes decide not to run for reelection. For President Lyndon B. Johnson, it was circumstance that led to his decision to refrain from being president for another fourRead MoreThe Legacy Of Lyndon Baines Johnson1332 Words   |  6 PagesEarly life Lyndon Baines Johnson was born in Stonewall, Texas on August 27, 1908. He grew up right there in his hometown. His parents were Samuel Elay Johnson Jr. and Rebekah Baines. He was accompanied by his siblings Sam Houston Johnson, Rebekah Johnson, Lucia Johnson, and Josefa Johnson. For school he would run to the nearby, one-room junction school. He grew up on a farm but his grandfather had a dream of him becoming a member of the U.S. senate. He was a responsible young adult and out of collegeRead MoreU.S. Bombing of North Vietnam1454 Words   |  6 PagesOn February 24, 1965, United States President Lyndon B. Johnson authorized Operation ROLLING THUNDER to commence against North Vietnam. ROLLING THUNDER, the longest bombing campaign ever conducted by the United States Air Force, lasted from 1965 to 1968. (Tilford, â€Å"Operation ROLLING THUNDER†) There were several reasons why President Johnson chose to begin an all-out bombing campaign against North Vietnam at this time. T he United States wanted to prevent the spread of communism by enforcing theRead MoreLyndon B. Johnson Contributions Essay1257 Words   |  6 PagesLBJ Contributions 1 Lyndon B, Johnson Contributions LaTavia Graves Professor Odom October 7, 2016 LBJ Contributions 2 Introduction There are many famous characters in history and Lyndon B. Johnson is among those historical characters. The term historical character is used to acknowledge that these people did exist in the past and that they contributed whether it was a positive or a negative impact. Some people debate that historical characters played a big role in the past, and others

Multi Tasking Madness Free Essays

Digital native is a term used to describe a person who has grown up and been attached with the immersion of technology. In the article â€Å"Multitasking Madness†, the digital natives have been known with the ability of multitasking at which previous generations are surprised. The digital natives are able to do many tasks at the same time because they strengthen brain cells to carry out specific activities. We will write a custom essay sample on Multi Tasking Madness or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, the question has been addressed: â€Å"How will businesses need to change to capitalize on the multitasking ability of the digital natives? In a few years later, the baby boomers will get retired, then businesses will replace them with the younger generations, among them are digital natives who are much better in multitasking than previous generations. Also, technology has rocketed since the mid of 90’s, which requires businesses need to update and catch up with the rapid development of technology; as a result, businesses have to consider of hiring employees who are familiar with new technologies and adapt them into work efficiently. With those two reasons, business organizations must come up with hanges, such as creating a new work environment in which the digital natives can maximize their abilities, and allowing them to work in their personal time. Creating such a good work environment to capitalize the abilities of the digital natives is making them comfortable at work. Their work area is no longer limited in a small cubicle but any place in the building so they don’t feel narrowed down in the small area. Also, they only need a thin slight laptop instead of a big screen desktop computer to carry around with them so that they can work anytime and anywhere. For example, as an accountant for a website security company, I’m responsible for business transactions between the company with our clients and vendors, having a laptop with me all the time, I quickly respond urgent inquiries from them while interacting with other employees on IM windows. Allowing the digital natives to work in their personal time is one of changes that businesses should consider too, such as providing them with access so that they can work at anywhere and anytime. For instance, they can work at home and still are able to take care of their kids. Or as my situation, full-time employee and attend school as part-time student, to be able to catch up with school and work projects, a permission of working on my own time would be a great idea for me. Creating a work environment at the workplace to capitalize the abilities of the digital natives is the best solution that business should consider because a company still hold the control of their employees, which is knowing if they show up for work and attend conferences and meetings frequently as requested. Businesses don’t need to spend much money on office furniture and big flat screen monitors. How to cite Multi Tasking Madness, Papers

Overview of Corporate Philanthropy Crown

Question: Discuss about theOverview of Corporate Philanthropy for Crown. Answer: Introduction The act of a business or a corporation which promotes the wellbeing of others is known as Corporate Philanthropy. Such acts are usually done by the means of charitable donations of time and funds (Ehrlich, 2013). More and more organizations are taking part in philanthropic acts by increasing the amount of donations to the charities, as well as, to the nonprofit organizations. This has made the concept of Corporate Philanthropy a hot topic. In the following parts, a discussion has been carried over the various definitions of Corporate Philanthropy and an analysis has been carried regarding the existing literature on it. Further, a company has been chosen, Crown, and the Corporate Philanthropy program of the company has been detailed. Lastly, a link has been established between the activities of Crown and the literate available on Corporate Philanthropy. Corporate philanthropy is related to the executive side of the management where the senior members of the company make decisions regarding the delegation of grants or funds for the philanthropic purposes. Corporate philanthropy is bigger than the individual philanthropy, as the companies have higher capacities, as compared to an individual (Scott, 2012). As per the recent literature on corporate philanthropy, this concept is facing a downwards turn. The charitable contributions have fallen during the last 15 years (Porter and Kramer, 2002). The reason behind this decline is that the senior management is often caught between the demand of higher levels of corporate social responsibility and the investors pressure to maximize the profits. No matter how much a corporate donates, the critics demand more. This has led to creation of strategies regarding the philanthropy. It is often argued that corporate philanthropy does not yield the tangible results to the companies, and yet the companies adopt it as a corporate strategy to attain significant returns for the company. Corporate philanthropy is not merely the charitable donations but includes expert advice, technological support, employee volunteers as well as long term commitments which are targeted towards the social problems (Vaidyanathan, 2008). Further, in the growing competitive world, a lack of social investments would harm the society, which is dependent on such activities. Also, these activities act as a reputational capital which helps an organization in creating goodwill (Levy, 1999). So, it can be concluded from these literatures that corporate philanthropy is crucial to not only the benefiters of such activities, but also to the management. The various literatures on this topic find that the corporate indulge in the activities of corporate philanthropy to not only attain and retain customers but also to attract shareholders and maximize the shareholder value. Further, such studies dictate that larger companies are more likely to indulge in such activities, as they are subjected to a high degree of public scrutiny (Brammer, Pavelin and Porter, 2008). A global analysis has revealed the importance of domestic cultural factors in the worldwide social responsiveness of the international companies. Crown Resorts Limited, or Crown, is one of the largest entertainment groups in Australia. The core activities and investments of the group are in the sector of integrated resorts. In Australia, Crown is the owner and operator of two of the countrys leading integrated resorts, Crown Perth Entertainment Complex and Crown Melbourne Entertainment Complex. In London, Crown is the owner and operator of Crown Aspinall's. The company holds a substantial interest in the MCE (Melco Crown Entertainment Limited) which is listed on the NSADAQ. MCE operates casinos and hotel properties in Macau and this includes the Altira Macau and the City of Dreams along with the Mocha Clubs business (Crown, 2013). The Crown Resort Foundation, which is a part of the company, makes various grants towards the community welfare, arts, health care, environment and the education. Crown Resorts along with the Packer Family Foundations have started a National Philanthropic Fund. In the first year of its 10 year journey, the fund aims to provide $200 million of funding to the communities in Australia. The National Philanthropic Fund would be administered via two different funds, the $100 million National Arts Fund and the $100 million Community Partnerships and Indigenous Education Fund. An important element of the National Arts Fund is the $30 million Western Sydney Arts Initiative. In the very first year of this initiative, the selected 30 programs have reached many students, and as a result engaged more than 100 schools, and 65 arts and community organizations. Such programs would enhance the art capacity of Western Sydney and would engage the Australians into education by use of art as a medium. The Indigenous Education Fund and the Community Partnerships provide the necessary financial support to the crucial community organizations. A special emphasis in this regard is given to the empowerment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders by the medium of education. Crown is focused on the community approach so as to formulate an environment of trust and security in the children. Further, the children would also benefit from a proper school based education system. The company has provided 6 new multiyear grants to the Indigenous education organizations. Crown Resorts Foundation is contributing to the amount of $100 million in the National Philanthropic Fund (Crown Resorts, 2015). This initiative of the Company has been reported by Probono Australia. The full structure of the fund has been explained in this report (Staff Reporter, 2014). The National Philanthropic Fund and its various programs were also covered by the ABC News. This report covered the positive review of the Fund by the receivers of the benefits, which resulted from this fund. MTC or the Melbourne Theatre Company was the first beneficiary and the executive director of MTC regarded it as a great initiative (ABC News, 2014). Favorable reports with regards to the fund were also reported in the Daily Telegraph. This report also focused on the history of Packer family which has been constantly engaged in charitable causes by donating millions to not-for-profit organizations. This report also covered the segment where the Philanthropy Australia chief executive, Louise Walsh, expected that the bigheartedness of the Crown Resorts would persuade the other corporate boards to donate wards philanthropic a ctivities. He also expected to see some huge gifting process in the country and he considered it as fantastic (Lehman, 2014). In the recent literature on Corporate Philanthropy, it has been said that the trend of this concept is on decline (Weeden, 2011). But linking the literature to the initiatives of Crown proves another story. Crown has started new initiatives towards Corporate Philanthropy by starting a huge fund in collaboration with another group. This Fund is the proof that the top management is still indulged in the activities relating to philanthropy. And it has been done rightly, as the company has received a lot of media coverage, as a result of this initiative. Apart from the media coverage, Crown has received positive feedbacks from not only the beneficiaries of the fund, but also from the general public in terms of better public image. The literatures have rightly covered that the corporate philanthropy does not only cover the charitable donations but includes expert advice, technological support, employee volunteers as well as long term commitments which are targeted towards the social problems. And as held in the literatures, the domestic factors do impact the type of initiatives taken by the companies with regards to philanthropy. The National Philanthropic Fund of Crown is purely based on these initiatives towards the betterment of the community. This fund not only covered monetary donations but also contained the help to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, as well as towards the Western Sydney Arts Initiative. Australia has been facing problems relating to the indigenous population and the initiatives of Crown are focused on this population. The fund also focused on inculcating better education in children to help them grow in a better manner. So, even though the literature says that corporate philanth ropy does not yield the tangible results to the companies but still Crown has adopted it as a corporate strategy to attain significant returns by benefiting the society. From the above analysis, it can be concluded that corporate philanthropy is an integral part of businesses in the present age. Even with the recent decline in the practices of corporate philanthropy, the organizations are still working in this regard. The importance of corporate philanthropy has not dampened by the unstoppable demands of the critics. The corporates have identified the importance of philanthropy to the society and the level of dependency on such activities. This has focused them to continue the good work in this regard. The benefits may not be in terms of short term profits, but in the long run, a responsible business is more likely to be preferred by the consumers, as compared to a business which is not indulged in such activities. Lastly, the domestic factors in Australia relating to the indigenous population have been focused by the company in its philanthropic initiatives. So, it can be rightly concluded that the corporate philanthropy in Australia, matches the va rious literatures available on the topic of corporate philanthropy. References ABC News. (2014) James Packer launches $200 million philanthropic fund to support arts and Indigenous education. [Online] ABC News. Available from: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-07-22/packers-launch-200m-national-philanthropic-fund/5614840 [Accessed on: 21/09/16] Brammer, S.J., Pavelin, S., and Porter, L.A. (2008) Corporate charitable giving, multinational companies and countries of concern. [Online] Henley Business School. Available from: https://www.henley.ac.uk/web/files/management/061.pdf [Accessed on: 21/09/16] Crown Resorts. (2015) Crown Resorts and Packer Family Foundations National Philanthropic Fund Annual Review 2015. [Online] Crown Resorts. Available from: https://www.crownresorts.com.au/CrownResorts/files/c6/c68a8a1e-cda3-4be4-904b-9191a99d7021.pdf [Accessed on: 21/09/16] Crown. (2013) About Us. [Online] Crown. Available from: https://www.crownresorts.com.au/about-us/crown [Accessed on: 21/09/16] Ehrlich, E. (2013) Defining Corporate Philanthropy. [Online] Double the Donation. Available from: https://doublethedonation.com/blog/2013/09/defining-corporate-philanthropy/ [Accessed on: 21/09/16] Lehman, J. (2014) James Packers gift to Australia: Crown Resorts will pump $200 million into charities over the next ten years. [Online] The Daily Telegraph. Available from: https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/james-packers-gift-to-australia-crown-resorts-will-pump-200-million-into-charities-over-the-next-ten-years/news-story/cdbbbfbade8ef6df0a1acc8f54ed0075 [Accessed on: 21/09/16] Levy, R. (1999) Give and Take: A Candid Account of Corporate Philanthropy. Massachusetts: Harvard Business School Press. Porter, M.E., and Kramer, M.R. (2002) The Competitive Advantage of Corporate Philanthropy. [Online] Harvard Business Review. Available from: https://hbr.org/2002/12/the-competitive-advantage-of-corporate-philanthropy [Accessed on: 21/09/16] Scott, R. (2012) Corporate Philanthropy Definition - Volunteer and Fundraising Edition. [Online] Causecast. Available from: https://www.causecast.com/blog/corporate-philanthropy-definition-volunteer-and-fundraising-edition [Accessed on: 21/09/16] Staff Reporter. (2014) Packer Family Pledges $200M Philanthropic Fund. [Online] Probono Australia. Available from: https://probonoaustralia.com.au/news/2014/07/packer-family-pledges-200m-philanthropic-fund/ [Accessed on: 21/09/16] Vaidyanathan, B. (2008) Corporate Giving: A Literature Review. [Online] Science of Generosity. Available from: https://generosityresearch.nd.edu/assets/11795/corporate_giving.pdf [Accessed on: 21/09/16] Weeden, C. (2011) Smart Giving Is Good Business: How Corporate Philanthropy Can Benefit Your Company and Society. US: Jossey-Bass

5 Quick Wins to Speed Up WordPress Load Times

Your websites load time can make or break its chances of success. This is important stuff, so its no wonder that how to speed up WordPress is always a hot topic in the WordPress-sphere. For lightning quick websites, lucrative rewards await:Google has confirmed that site speed is a ranking factor in its algorithm. Fast websites rank higher and generate more traffic.This is part 1 of our quick two-part series on how to speed up WordPress.5 Quick Wins to Speed Up WordPress Load Times (Part 1)5 MORE Quick Wins to Speed Up Your WordPress (Part 2)Fast-loading websites improve the user experience, resulting in more page views, time on page, and other important metrics. Fast websites mean happy visitors.A sluggish website can kill your conversion rate – a drop of 47% for an extra 2-second wait. Fast websites enjoy high conversion rates and a healthier bottom line.Weve heard all the upsides before, though, yet many of us still ignore the warnings and plod along with unoptimized website s.What gives?The easiest way to speed up WordPress in under an hourIn my opinion, its an issue of time and a lack of confidence. The time part is self-explanatory, of course, but to inexperienced WordPress users, buzzwords like optimization are intimidating. Articles on speed optimization contain lots of technical talk, resulting in many WordPress users (wrongly) believing that they cant do it, so they focus their efforts elsewhere.This simply isnt the case, though. Anyone can speed up WordPress and enjoy lightning quick load times, and today, were going to prove it.So heres my promise to you: 5 steps, each taking less than 10 minutes (most take under 2), that even an absolute beginner can perform. The end result: a much faster website.Before you start, test your website speed using the free Pingdom tool. In about an hour when were finished, I want you to test it again to see how much faster your website is!1. Get yourself a good web hostIf you only take one thing from this list, le t it be this one.No amount of on-site tweaking and optimization can undo the damage of a bad web host. So make life easier for yourself by spending 10 minutes or so selecting the right hosting provider for your website.I know, I know  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ bargain-basement prices can be tempting. But these hosting services are cheap for a reason: they cram so many websites onto their servers that each site can only use a tiny fraction of the resources available.Remember: running a successful website starts with choosing a good host. Get the foundations right, and everything else will click into place.High-quality hosting doesnt have to cost an arm and a leg either. ThemeIsle recommends SiteGround for shared hosting and Flywheel for managed WordPress hosting – prices start from $3.95/month and $15/month respectively.To learn exactly why we recommend these companies and not the others, please check out our detailed reviews and comparisons over on the CodeinWP blog:Best WordPress Shared Ho sting Providers by the NumbersManaged WordPress Hosting: The All-You-Need-to-Know Guide Time taken: 10 minutes to sign up with one of our recommended hosting services.2. Use a caching pluginBehind your hosting service, caching is probably the next best way to speed up WordPress. Its so effective that caching can result in a 10x speed gain over a non-cached website.Adding caching is as simple as installing a caching plugin – and we recommend W3 Total Cache if youre looking for a free solution.If youre willing to invest in your site speed, check out WP Rocket noticeably better performance than W3 Total Cache.The out-the-box default configurations work perfectly well with both plugins, so you can enjoy the speed benefits the moment you hit activate. Time taken: 30 seconds to install a plugin.3. Optimize the WordPress databaseA well-organized filing cabinet helps you to find your files more quickly, right? This is the principle at play when it comes to database optimization â₠¬â€œ remove the clutter, and your server can retrieve and display your web pages faster.Like caching, database optimization is something you can benefit from instantly – simply install and activate the WP-Optimize plugin. WP-Optimize Clean, Compress, Cache. Author(s): David Anderson, Ruhani Rabin, Team UpdraftCurrent Version: 3.0.12Last Updated: September 24, 2019wp-optimize.3.0.12.zip 98%Ratings 11,586,621Downloads WP 3.8+Requires Again, dont worry too much about complex configuration screens  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ its safe to trust in the plugins presets. Time taken: 30 seconds to install a plugin.4. Remove unnecessary PluginsInstalling WordPress plugins is a trade-off between adding cool functionalities and slowing your website down.Now, Im not going to tell you to uninstall all of your plugins just to speed up WordPress – that would be silly, and deny you some of the features that make your site function.However, when it comes to plugins, less is more.Its surprising how quickly our websites become overloaded with plugins, usually without us even realizing it. Test this out if you dont believe me. Navigate to wp-admin / Plugins and see how many you have installed – I bet its more than you think.Of course, theres no perfect number of plugins. However, Im going to go out on a limb here and say that the amount installed on your site right now is too many.Work your way down the list of plugins, asking yourself, Do I really need this one? If your answer isnt a resounding yes, you dont need it. Trim the fat and uninstall any unnecessary plugins. Time taken: 5 minutes to go through your plugin list and delete any surplus to requirements.5. Update your websiteAlthough were always told to update our websites, I know that Im guilty of pretending I didnt see the five or six update notifications waiting for me in the WordPress dashboard.Failing to update is definitely bad practice, though – and were talking about updates to the core, theme, an d plugins here.Speed often isnt a priority of updates – updates tend to focus on introducing new features and patching up known security issues. However, over time, any bloated code is improved and optimized, and gradually that translates into small speed improvements.So if youre using software thats a few versions old, you can expect to see the biggest improvements from hitting the update button. You should be updating for reasons other than speed anyway – so just enjoy shaving a few fractions of a second off your sites load time as an extra bonus. Time taken: 30 seconds.Final thoughtsAnd that concludes our list of 5 quick wins to speed up WordPress.Putting todays post into action should take no more than 10-15 minutes. Some steps are more effective than others, admittedly, but when fractions of a second can have a serious impact on your conversion rate, every moment counts. With each step stacked on top of each other, you will see a significant improvement in your we bsites load times.However, if you really want to speed up WordPress then your adventure does not start and finish with the items in todays list – theres far more to it than that! If you want to learn more about speed optimization, I recommend signing up for our excellent and free email course on site speed. Sign up here:Free guide5 Essential Tips to Speed Up Your WordPress SiteReduce your loading time by even 50-80% just by following simple tips.

Free Essays on American Express

In the Credit Operations Department at American Express, the use of the Internet is significantly foundThe Internet is becoming a big part of normal day-to-day business in Credit Operations as well as American Express. The Internet is providing marketing and advertising to attract new customers. It is also helping to improve our customer service to our cardmembers. Cardmembers can view their charges and statements online. They can also pay their bill through www.americanexpress.com. It allows them a fast and easy way to verify charges, supply their accounts payable with their expense reports, and they can never have the excuse of not receiving their statements. It is available for personal, small business, and corporate cardmembers. It is very useful tool for the credit analyst as well to refer our cardmembers to free service that will provide them with virtually everything they need. It also helps to keep phone volumes down of more cardmembers are using the Internet service r ather than calling simply for their statement and charges. The Internet is planned to have an even bigger role in Credit Operations and American Express company wide. In Credit Operations, a few teams are testing a project with the Internet. This project is allowing cardmembers to receive a credit analyst to help them while online. They correspond to each other and the credit analyst is able to take over the cardmembers computer to show them how to access different areas or to find information. I feel that this could be very helpful for Credit Operations and American Express. I would eliminate the long hold times if more cardmembers were using this service and American Express would become a leader in the technology area of credit cards. It would enhance customer service and help to teach our cardmembers how to become more self-sufficient. They would have the knowledge to find the information on their own rather than having to call in to an 800 numb... Free Essays on American Express Free Essays on American Express In the Credit Operations Department at American Express, the use of the Internet is significantly found The Internet is becoming a big part of normal day-to-day business in Credit Operations as well as American Express. The Internet is providing marketing and advertising to attract new customers. It is also helping to improve our customer service to our cardmembers. Cardmembers can view their charges and statements online. They can also pay their bill through www.americanexpress.com. It allows them a fast and easy way to verify charges, supply their accounts payable with their expense reports, and they can never have the excuse of not receiving their statements. It is available for personal, small business, and corporate cardmembers. It is very useful tool for the credit analyst as well to refer our cardmembers to free service that will provide them with virtually everything they need. It also helps to keep phone volumes down of more cardmembers are using the Internet service rather than calling simply for their statement and charges. The Internet is planned to have an even bigger role in Credit Operations and American Express company wide. In Credit Operations, a few teams are testing a project with the Internet. This project is allowing cardmembers to receive a credit analyst to help them while online. They correspond to each other and the credit analyst is able to take over the cardmembers computer to show them how to access different areas or to find information. I feel that this could be very helpful for Credit Operations and American Express. I would eliminate the long hold times if more cardmembers were using this service and American Express would become a leader in the technology area of credit cards. It would enhance customer service and help to teach our cardmembers how to become more self-sufficient. They would have the knowledge to find the information on their own rather than having to call in to an 800 numb...

Nummi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nummi - Essay Example However, even after sending 16 top managers to learn on the best ways to induce change in the organization in order to produce high quality cars, the managers were unable to bring changes. Majority of them opted to quit. This is because General Motors had a change resistant culture. For instance, workers liked things the way they were. This is because they were highly paid despite having not to work very hard for their compensation. Therefore, they did not see any need for change. The managers who were sent to NUMMI wanted to maintain a status quo. The compensation in General Motors was linked to hierarchy. As a result, the subordinates had to wait for years before they are promoted to management levels. Therefore, the managers did not want any change that would reduce their powers. This is because more people were reporting to them, an aspect that meant that they had more power. The Toyota approach would highly affect the hierarchical structure in General Motors. This would mean that power would be distributed to many managers in order to improve the levels of supervision. This created resistance from the above. There was an internal culture that branded teamwork as telling on each other rather than working with each other. This culture acted as a major barrier because the employees could not work as a single unit. The conflicts that remained unsolved made it hard for them to relate with each other. Therefore, even after the attempts to introduce Toyota’s culture in the organization, the level of resistance was very high because the subordinates could not put their differences aside and work together towards a common objective. General Motors was departmentalized. Therefore, there was lack of internal connection between the departments. This culture created an interdepartmental competition, an aspect that made it hard for the organization to work as a unit. When plants tried to implement the methods that were used by Toyota, they ended up failing because

Small Group Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Small Group Communication - Essay Example Relations have a very major role to play in understand group communication vis-à  -vis the society. This is because no man can survive successfully in an environment alone. There shall inevitably be more individuals around him from the same species for him to live in a manner conforming to the definition of a social group, if not a society. Here the concept of mutual; regards, norms and values if very important. Relations, where may be defined as a rather subjective or relative term with reference to human understand, but it shall have to given some limits when we are discussing social structure. Relations can be very simply taken as appreciating and realizing the social norms in their very basic context. These relations, in even more simpler terms can possibly be linked to common sense. But then again, this shall vary greatly from culture to culture, and within that, from community to community. â€Å"One important task we face in attempting to understand the persons around us, is that of determining their present moods, group communication and feelings† (Barn et al, 1980). No matter how close people are, or how much they are in the same band width of thought processes, the ultimate recipe for rationalizing a social situation can never be the same; even for the same person. As was mentioned earlier, relations are the concept that involves actualizing with the prevalent norms. A very intelligent person is less likely to conform to the demands and ways of a group as compared to a person with optimal intelligence. Similarly, being mature does not necessarily confirm the presence of rationalistic and pragmatic frame of reference. Coleman believes that â€Å"Orthodox conceptions of relations are evidently internally deficient and inadequate for explaining human interaction† (2003). This extrapolates upon the conception that relations are a

House-Keeping Management in Hotels Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

House-Keeping Management in Hotels - Assignment Example It is crucial to highlight that customers, especially, look for an environment that provides a fantasy feeling, which the average home environment may not promise (Penner, Adams,& Rutes 2013, p. 112). In planning and managing a four-star beachfront hotel, several issues should be considered. To begin with, it is crucial to assess the level of customer traffic in the area around a beach. In this sense, the hotel gauges the number of customers that it attracts on a daily basis. This allows for the hotel to plan its resources and investment according to the expected number of customers. The planners should also consider the impact and size of attractions surrounding a beachfront hotel (Chon & Maier 2010, p. 98). This is because customers are not merely drawn to the outlook and quality of services in a hotel, but they also value the marginal feeling of enjoying other forms of fun that a surrounding offers (Rogers 2013, p. 143). For instance, customers may be attracted to a nearby forest that allows for bird watching. Management of rural hotel situated within a national park demands given operational and management needs. To begin with, the management should link the services of the hotel with the elements of the park (Rao, & Krishna 2005, p. 164). This occurs since the number of revenues of such a hotel may majorly depend on the aggregate utility derived from visiting the park. For instance, the management could design the hotel in such a sense that the accommodation rooms allow for comfortable and picturesque sightseeing. In addition, the hotel must participate in day-to-day management of the national park such that they retain the level of utility derived from the park. There are notable sales techniques that can be employed in improving sales. For instance, marketing is an essential tool for enhancing sales (Piotrowski, & Rogers 2007, p. 76).  

How To Build And Maintain Stakeholder Relationships Management Essay

How To Build And Maintain Stakeholder Relationships Management Essay Organizations change constantly, a projects stakeholder set will change as stakeholder change roles within the organization, move into different roles or leave the organization to take up roles in other organizations. For whatever reason, the ability of individual stakeholder to influence the project may increase or decrease. Most project management methodologies define ways to identify project stakeholder, and then base their entire communications strategies on this initial, and only, identification. Many projects fail because stakeholders do not continue to support the vision or objectives of the project. In many cases this is because the team does not recognize changes in the relative power or position of key stakeholder and fails to make appropriate adjustments in their stakeholder management activities. This study reported upon in this paper is focused on support for project managers in building and maintaining relationships with project stakeholder. This is accomplished through using a practical methodology that allows the project team to identify and priorities the projects stakeholder and then stakeholders needs of the project to develop an appropriate relationship management strategy. The underlying assumption for this research is the stakeholder management is extremely difficult, the project manager and his/her project team members must identify, engage and sustain relationships with a diverse set of groups and individuals (including themselves) who can impact the project in many ways. HOW TO BUILD AND MAINTAIN STAKEHOLDER RELATIONSHIPS GOTTA QUIRK (1999 2012): Communication and trust is the main source for creating a lasting relationship between stakeholders. Through effective communications and building trusting relationships, organizations should be committed to ensure that all stakeholders are involved in shaping the decisions of organizations in a meaningful manner. The commitment to actively build and maintain long-term relationships with stakeholders is based on two fundamental guiding principles communication and trust.   These two principles shape the development of stakeholder relations philosophy which includes: ENMAX Corporation (2012): Encouraging stakeholder participation in the decision-making process Providing timely information Open, and honest communication Listening to stakeholder concerns Respecting diverse opinions Seeking mutually beneficial solutions Learning from each other Moreover, stakeholder relationships that are unmanaged or mismanaged have a number of less than favorable consequences for companies. These include unnecessary expenses, and a lack of buy-in to processes and initiatives aimed at transforming the company. However, stakeholder management is a difficult undertaking for organizations because it requires investment and commitment to a long term structured process. While there are a number of efficient information management tools available through marketing, it is important to start with the big picture who are we going to be speaking to and how? BY IDENTIFYING THE STAKEHOLDERS Particularly in larger organizations, this process is a critical one because the network of stakeholders with an investment or interest in a business is broader than we would originally have imagined. Consider that likely stakeholders include the board, management, other employees, customers, suppliers and the community within which we operate. It is important when making this list that we gather and collate as much information as possible about the individuals and groups on it. This will enable us to start thinking through appropriate and targeted communication with them. BY PRIORITIZING THE STAKEHOLDER However noble our intentions regarding stakeholder relationship management are, there unfortunately have to be some individuals and group whos needs are more important and who require prioritization if we intend maintaining their support. While this sucks for the interns, the chairman of organizational board will be pleased to know that you have his best interests at heart. Prioritizing begins with segmenting a list into groups and then listing them in order of importance. This process needs to be completed with the organizational goals and the level of stakeholder information in mind. Ultimately, this will ensure personalization and consistency across communication channels at a later point in the process. BY UNDERSTANDING THEIR NEEDS Stakeholders require consistent and regular communication and service. However, their individual distinctiveness requires that this communication be personalized and targeted. This is difficult enough in the corner store but is universally impossible across larger organizations; the number of individuals is just too great. The next thing is to understand each group. A key part of this is to know what information they have, how accurate it is, how it aligns with the organizational goals and what information they need. This should align with the process of prioritization, with the groups at the bottom needing the least amount of information and the groups at the top needing the most. BY BUILDING TRUSTIN RELATIONSHIPS Collaborative partnerships depend on trust. Partners must communicate effectively and resolve conflicts, especially about sensitive issues like distribution of rewards and the involvement of host organizations the in laws. As in any relationship, attention must be given to renewing the relationship and sustaining the commitment of the partners by building and maintaining support of the parent organization, evaluating progress and celebrating success. BY ENCOURAGING THE STAKEHOLDERS This is the act of giving someone support, confidence, or hope that it is well even though they do not see it. When we encourage our stakeholders, it makes them feel the company do have plans for them and that would make them hold on. BY SATISFYING THE STAKEHOLDERS Satisfaction is important in maintaining a good relationship because when one is not satisfied, they would always look for a place where they would be satisfied. Even the study of economics makes us to understand that man is insatiable. So as a company, lets look for a way to satisfy the stakeholders needs. BY ENGAGING WITH THE STAKEHOLDERS Now the easy part is over and you actually have to find an innovative and efficient manner in which to communicate with these stakeholders. Whatever tactics you use, it is helpful to have a communication plan in place so that the process runs smoothly without negatively impacting on productivity. Using a collaborative software package could be the answer, particularly if you want to keep a specific group up to date about a specific project. Regular status reports are useful and email newsletters are very effective for those individuals who are not privy to sensitive information. Going one step further, these can be divided into an internal and an external newsletter; the first being only for staff and the second for clients and interested parties. For small groups and occasionally large ones, meetings are a good way to get a message across and invite buy in and feedback. Remember that in order to be effective, this engagement should be two-way. Stakeholders need a forum to air concer ns and grievances while having the comfort of knowing they will get a response. Neglecting this element of communication is bound to undermine the ultimate goals of your organization. Regardless of tactics though, the important part of this aspect of the process is to understand and manage stakeholder expectations. The stakeholders need to know when to expect communication and what sort of communication to expect. MONITORING THE ENGAGEMENT EFFORTS There is little point in engagement with the stakeholders if it is perceived to be token or ineffectual. While its admirable that you are trying, this lack of efficacy is not going to encourage buy-in and may undermine your company, particularly if the negativity spreads. It is thus important to track and monitor your efforts and gauge the response to them. Speak to individuals directly, encourage feedback and through email tracking assess whether people are reading the information that are been disseminated. Tweak your efforts accordingly. Part of this is keeping a finger on the pulse of the companys reputation which is also important. Conduct surveys if necessary and establish who thinks what and why. Knowing what the perception is will go a long way toward finding the necessary means to turn it around. ISSUES THAT MAY AFFECT STAKEHOLDER RELATIONSHIPS AND THE POSSIBLE AREAS OF CONFLICT CIM (1998): The issues that may affect relationships are likewise the same as the areas of conflict, and this is certainly the opposite of the factors that builds relationship. For example, when a stakeholders interest in an organization is different from that of other stakeholders group, this may affect the relationship between stakeholders or cause conflict to an extent. Another example is trust, when there is no trust in an organization; it could also affect a relationship or cause conflict. Also consider when there is no: Control mutuality (think mutual control) the degree to which parties agree on who has the rightful power to influence one another. Trust one partys level of confidence in and willingness to open ones self to the other party. Commitment The extent to which each party believes and feels that the relationship is worth spending energy to maintain and promote. Satisfaction The extent to which each party feels favorably toward the other because positive expectations about the relationship are reinforced. Exchange relationships In an exchange relationship, one party gives benefits to the other only because the other has provided benefits in the past or is expected to do so in the future. Communal relationships In a communal relationship, both parties provide benefits to the other because they are concerned for the welfare of the other even if they get nothing in return. STRENGTHENING AND RESOLVING CONFLICT IN RELATIONSHIPS ASSESS THE STRENGTH OF THE RELATIONSHIP The first thing is to survey the stakeholder group using some variant of the questionnaire, this will reveal how weak or strong the relationship is and where it is weak or strong. For example, in one project I did, we learned the organization had excellent scores with all stakeholder groups on all but one of these six factors. So improving stakeholder relationships in that case was a matter of focusing on that one factor. BUILD STAKEHOLDERS TRUST IN THE ORGANIZATION Consistently treat stakeholders fairly. Whenever the organization makes important decisions take stakeholder opinions into account and otherwise demonstrate concern for stakeholders. Keep organizational promises. Demonstrate competence by doing what was proposed.   PAY ATTENTION AND RESPOND TO WHAT STAKEHOLDERS SAY AND DO Demonstrate the belief that stakeholder opinions are legitimate by responding to them. Give stakeholders a say in the organizations decision-making process, especially in those areas that affect the stakeholder group. DEMONSTRATE COMMITMENT TO STAKEHOLDERS Show stakeholders that the organization wants to maintain a long-term relationship with them. Engage stakeholders to build loyalty to the organization. SATISFY STAKEHOLDERS Identify and enhance the ways stakeholders benefit from their association with the organization. Make interacting with the organization a delightful experience. Make stakeholders feel they are important to the organization. MOVE BEYOND AN EXCHANGE RELATIONSHIP TO A COMMUNAL RELATIONSHIP As noted above, exchange relationships are those in which two parties in a relationship expect a benefit in return for a benefit tit for tat. These relationships are the basis of most for-profit businesses. That is, a customer expects a certain quality product in exchange for the money he/she spends, and the organization expects the money in return for the product. Employees expect pay, benefits and a sense of fulfillment and organizations expect work and engagement.   A communal relationship goes beyond that. One party in the relationship believes the other will give benefits with no expectation of a return. An example of this is corporate social responsibility programs, such as when a bank goes beyond the basic business exchange to give back to the community by supporting programs that benefit neighborhoods.  Some argue that this corporate giving is not really selfless in that the organization expects good will in return for the benefit it bestows on the community. And this may be. Nevertheless, when a stakeholder believes an organization helps people without expecting anything in return, the relationship is at a different level than if the stakeholder believes the organization only trades benefit for benefit. THE IMPORTANCE OF MONITORING AND REVIEWING DIY Committee Guide (2012) Both research and common sense support the notion that we need to monitor the performance of stakeholder on an ongoing basis. If we are ever to know how we are doing, the management committee should use reports against its annual operational plans to review progress towards meeting the strategic aims and objectives. Therefore, they must ensure that whoever is doing the work is keeping appropriate records so that progress can be assessed. This will involve, at the implementation stage of the plan, being clear what systems and structures are required. The things you decide to measure will give an indication of how well youre doing, hence, the name indication or performance measures. Before completing your plan, you need to agree how and when it will be monitored and reviewed and what information the Management Committee needs to receive in order to review progress. When reviewing progress towards achieving the strategic aims and objectives, the Management Committee should: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ensure that activities are kept within the parameters of the agreed strategic aims and objectives; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ensure that activities are consistent with organizations vision, mission and values; and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢keep under review internal and external changes which may require changes to the organizations strategy or affect their ability to achieve their objectives. GETTING FEEDBACKS The quality of a partnership can be analyzed by getting feedback from the stakeholders through questionnaires or interviews CONCLUSION In closing, Id like to re-emphasize the importance of assessing the strength of the relationship at the outset. That there are six factors to manage when building relationships is a great insight. But to manage we must be able to measure. This tells us not only where to focus our efforts but also whether we have succeeded.

The Ages Of Poetry Essay -- essays research papers

The English Romantic poets of the 19th Century had a conception about nature that, over a century later, appears in the poetry of today. These poets have had a significant influence on the attitude and vocabulary a contemporary poet uses. Among the contemporary poets, Dana Gioia, in his two poems, "Becoming a Redwood," and "Rough Country," has drawn on the idea of the innocence and untainted part of nature that parallels the Romantic poetry of William Wordsworth and William Blake in their poems "Nutting," and "The Tyger." Also, Gioia has captured the wild-like and untamable demeanor of nature that many English Romantics have similarly captured. Finally, Gioia uses the concept of the sublime in his poetry to the extent that nature becomes dangerous to humans. Many English Romantic poets have written about the innocent and purity that can be found in nature. In Wordsworth's "Nutting," he comments on the beauty of the innocence of an "unvisited" nook his character discovers. Wordsworth writes, "Unvisited, where not a broken bough / Drooped with its withered leaves, ungracious sign / Of devastation; but the hazels rose / tall and erect, with tempting clusters hung, / A virgin scene!" (Ln17-31) Wordsworth is commenting on the innocence and beauty of nature without human intrusion. This Romantic conception of innocence parallels Gioia in his poem "Rough Country." He writes, " a spot so hard to reach that no one comes-- / a hiding place, a shrine for dragonflies / and nesting jays, a sign that there is still / one piece of property that won't be owned." (17-20) This last line implies that this part of nature will remain untouched, this part of nature will remain pure and innocent, and a Rom antic conception of nature that even Gioia has adopted in his poetry. Another conception that the English Romantics held about nature was that nature is wild and untamable. This wild-like aspect of nature is described in William Blake's "The Tyger." Blake writes, "Tyger, Tyger / Burning bright / In the forests of the night / What immortal hand or eye / Dare frame thy fearful symmetry?" (1-4) Blake creates this image of the Tyger as a wild beast, an untamable creature of the for... ... no silence but when danger comes." (25-27) This English Romantic concept of sublime that Gioia uses, makes humans to not only fear nature such as the Tyger or the mountains, but also to hold high respect for its beauty and magnificence. It is interesting to see how much of our history actually does repeat itself. It is amazing that even today, we are asking the same questions about nature and coming to similar conclusions as people did in the 19th century. Its not that nature hasn't changed, but the attitudes toward nature still build on many general English Romantic ideas. Dana Gioia, in particular, has taken some of the same attitudes toward nature as the Romantics have; he has developed the untamable and wildness of nature, the innocent and virgin, as well as the sublime in his two poems, "Becoming a Redwood," and "Rough Country." English Romantic poets such as William Wordsworth and William Blake influence each of his poems. Because of their strong influence on contemporary poets today, it would not be surprising to see their influence carry on in yet another century, and have the influence on poets for years to come.

Ernest Hemingway

If Ernest Hemingway sole legacy were his theory of omission and nothing more or nothing else, he still arguably would be the singe most influential writer of his generation and all the great writers who followed. It is a rarity to find any writer worth his salt who has not been influenced the theory that the writer could and may be should take the liberty of omitting some things in his narrative as long as he was confident of them and the reader would feel them as strongly as though the reader had narrated them.Though Hemingway often countered the existence of and the significance of The Lost generation( a term he even had ridiculed as â€Å"splendid bombast† on the part of Gertrude Stein, to whom goes the credit of coining the term), yet he has been inseparably linked with it and considered by many as the leader of the movement. The Lost Generation, so vividly brought to the fore of the reader’s knowledge in â€Å"The Sun also Rises† describes the generation whi ch faced the World War I and discovered that the right deeds did not always beget good results.No longer able to rely on their traditional beliefs that gave a completeness and meaning to life, a whole generation became morally, and psychologically lost. Their whole life is a meaning less wandering almost like an aimless journey they stagger through, hiding their un-understood anguish in alcohol and false boisterous ness of Jazz( as depicted by Scott Fitzerald). Zelda and Scott Fitzerald seem to be the characters on which the caricatures of Cohn and his domineering girlfriend are depicted in TheSAR, throught the eyes of Jake.The themes, which are dealt with in the unique Hemingway style in â€Å"The Sun also Rises† are The aimless ness of the lost Generation, Male Insecurity, The Destructive ness of sex. Though the underlying sympathy towards his times is evident the themes that are dealt with in A Farewell to Arms are The Grim reality of War, The seemingly cause and effect re lationship between Love and Pain, and Illusions and Fantasies. To make the comparison and the contrast clearer it is better to look at the two works one at a time.In A farewell to Arms, as the title is indicative the novel deals with the process by which the Protagonist Frederic Henry removes himself from it and leaves it behind. The novel contains unparalleled descriptions of the brutality and meaningless ness of war without the romanticism associated with the regular genre of War novels. The scenes dealing with the retreat of the Italian Army, where along with the loss of columns of soldiers, there is a general loss of moral judgment and nerves.The moral ambiguity of Henry shooting the engineer for refusing to help free the car is a symbol of the inexplicable escalation of violence (more in the mind, where it originates) and the disorder of the war. The game of Love that Henry and Catherine begin as a distraction from their respective pains and troubles, Henry to detach himself fr om the troubling reality of a meaningless war and Catherine to put the loss of her Fiance behind her are symbolic of the emotional bankruptcy that is the results of turbulent times. Soon their Love turns from a distraction to the very core of their being.Henry’s understanding of the strength of his love for Catherine helps him over reach the empty ideals of honor in a war that never belonged to him. This enables him to flee the war and seek her out and they plan an idyllic life that is meant to be a salve for both their troubled life. However, the tragedy of the novel rests in the fact that in a world plagued by problems that are mostly unexplained and incomprehensible, even true love can only be temporary. The most convincing expression of tragedy comes when Henry says â€Å"If people bring so much courage to this world the world has to kill them to break them, so of course it kills them.The world breaks every one and afterward many are strong at the broken places† In the Sun also Rises, the entire overwhelming aimless ness of a whole generation who never seem to take their lives, emotions, love or goals, as anything important is the all-pervading theme. Though Hemingway never explicitly mentions the aimless ness, it is for all to sense in the way each of the character tries to fill hi/her days with drinking, dancing and debauchery as though they were the very essence on which their existence hinged.The novel also deals in symbols and through technique, the confusion over the entire idea of Masculinity. The ambiguity brought about by the World War where against the common perceptions of men, soldiers were required to huddle in trenches and pray more for luck than anything else was totally against the masculinity the world had understood till then. In making clear through subtle conversations that Jake is rendered impotent by the war, Hemingway also goes ahead and picturizes the other characters be it the womanizing Cohen, Drunkard Mike or Bill i n ways that do not convey the masculinity associated with them.â€Å"I can’t stand it to think my life is going so fast and I’m not really living it. † Says Cohen in a sudden moment of clarity, which pretty much seems to sum up his entire generation. The motifs in The Farewell to arms are Masculinity, Games and divertissement in relations and loyalty versus abandonment. Where as in The Sun also Rises, he deals primarily with lack of communication (no primary character, unless either drunk or in an extremely painful situation ever conducts a communicating conversation, preferring to brood and languish in the non-comprehension.), Excessive drinking and False Friendships. Rain is a powerful symbol for pain and loneliness and helplessness in The Farewell to arms where as in The Sun also Rises it is the Bullfighting that is a poignant symbol of masculinity, the romanticism inextricably attached to cruelty. It is pertinent to note that the Personal life of Ernest Hemi ngway seeps through most of his novels, his beliefs, his confusions in life, his pain and suffering and his compromises or the lack of them.One can see and speculate on the Hunter, the fond Fisherman, soldier and reporter and the writers who populate his novels as depictions of the various stages of Hemingway’s life. There is rarely another write in American Literature who can justifiably lay claim to have seen, touched and felt about most circumstances that he is writing about (or in Hemingway’s case indicating but omitting). Hemingway lived the life of several of his protagonists and many who read his biography rarely come up with a question as to why he had to commit suicide.A person who lived life mostly on his won terms and felt so deeply for human suffering in times of turbulence, and clung on to a value system he wanted to survive in spite of the vagaries of the war, could not have possibly let fate decide his end. From Three stories & ten poems to The Old man a nd the sea through the path breaking For whom the bell tolls or the two other works discussed in these pages, Hemingway has enriched this period of American literature with his writings. Books referred to but not quoted Ernest Hemingway A reconsideration by Philip Young Penn state Press 1966

Describe the roles performed by a modern Police Service in t essays

Describe the roles performed by a modern Police Service in t essays This assignment intends to examine the current structure of the Police Service operating in England and Wales, paying particular attention to the various roles of a modern Police Force within the wider criminal Justice System. Firstly, the assignment will look at how the Police Force has evolved and where the origins of the Service lie, and look also at how the roles and function of the Police Service have altered over the past three decades, finally summarising the positive and negative aspects of the current structure and role in comparison to the service provided at the beginning of the nineteenth century. The first Metropolitan Police Force was formed at the beginning of the nineteenth century, under the Conservative Government serving at the time. Sir Robert Peel, the then Home Secretary oversaw the imposition of the Metropolitan Force. There has been vast historical comment suggesting various different schools of thought as to why the Metropolitan Force was established at the time it was, and one such Whig Historian, Reith, argued that the idea of a Metropolitan Police Force was borne in order to control the increase of [the] menace of crime ( Reith, in Controlling Crime. 2002. pp 13). Reith discusses the formation of this Metropolitan Force as a solution to crime and disorder that he considered to be a growing problem during the 1820s. Reith argued that the Government initiative to create a Metropolitan Police Force in the countrys capital was a means of controlling the army of homeless children...who lived by stealing and begging, and as way of stopping the constant menace o f mob disorder, which Reith saw as a threat to the dignity of Parliament ( Reith, in Controlling Crime. 2002. pp 13). As an alternative explanation as to why the Metropolitan Police Force was formed, fellow Whig Historian, Storch comments on the idea of a Police Force as a greater tool ...

Free Essays on What Is Reengineering

What is true reengineering? True engineering is the radical redesign of business processes to achieve major gains in cost, service, or time (Hunger, 2003, p.207). To answer this more completely, take a look at what reengineering is not: - reengineering is not downsizing - reengineering eliminates work, not jobs - reengineering is not â€Å"restructuring† - reengineering is not automation (Business, n.d., p.8) Reengineering means starting fresh by abandoning the policies and procedures that were born decades ago and inventing new ways of accomplishing work with the intent to dramatically improve performance(Dynamic, 2004, para.4-6). In today’s business world, to remain competitive, organizations are focusing on innovation, speed, adaptability, quality, service, and costs (Dynamic, 2004, para.2). In order to keep up, organizations must reorganize and reengineer how they do things. Specifically, reengineering is an examination and change of strategy, processes, technology, organization, and culture (Business, 2004, para.1). Reengineering should be a tool used by companies who have fallen too far down and by companies who aren’t in trouble yet but foresee it coming. Another time reengineering can be used is by companies who are in top form and but wish to increase the competitive margin. I think of it as a kind of metamorphosis a company undergoes to take it to the next level. One example of successful reengineering was implemented by Hallmark. Previously, the time from creation to development of a card was 3 years. As Hallmark developed more of a market, executives determined the development process needed to change and set a goal of getting new products to market within one year. Through the reengineering process, Hallmark discovered the greatest consumption of time was spent developing and designing the card, not in the production time printing the card. The concept spent 90% of the ti... Free Essays on What Is Reengineering Free Essays on What Is Reengineering What is true reengineering? True engineering is the radical redesign of business processes to achieve major gains in cost, service, or time (Hunger, 2003, p.207). To answer this more completely, take a look at what reengineering is not: - reengineering is not downsizing - reengineering eliminates work, not jobs - reengineering is not â€Å"restructuring† - reengineering is not automation (Business, n.d., p.8) Reengineering means starting fresh by abandoning the policies and procedures that were born decades ago and inventing new ways of accomplishing work with the intent to dramatically improve performance(Dynamic, 2004, para.4-6). In today’s business world, to remain competitive, organizations are focusing on innovation, speed, adaptability, quality, service, and costs (Dynamic, 2004, para.2). In order to keep up, organizations must reorganize and reengineer how they do things. Specifically, reengineering is an examination and change of strategy, processes, technology, organization, and culture (Business, 2004, para.1). Reengineering should be a tool used by companies who have fallen too far down and by companies who aren’t in trouble yet but foresee it coming. Another time reengineering can be used is by companies who are in top form and but wish to increase the competitive margin. I think of it as a kind of metamorphosis a company undergoes to take it to the next level. One example of successful reengineering was implemented by Hallmark. Previously, the time from creation to development of a card was 3 years. As Hallmark developed more of a market, executives determined the development process needed to change and set a goal of getting new products to market within one year. Through the reengineering process, Hallmark discovered the greatest consumption of time was spent developing and designing the card, not in the production time printing the card. The concept spent 90% of the ti...

Social Media Autoethnography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Media Autoethnography - Essay Example My personal usage of social media depicts a scenario whereby I have to adjust my daily schedule in order to balance all my activities, considering that social media usage can be both addictive and time consuming. With the growing number of social media platforms that are offering equally interesting user experiences, I normally change my habits, interactions, and communications, depending on which social media platform is more viable. In essence, I use social media about two to three times a day depending on other commitments that I have. Whenever I have any time at my disposal, I usually check into some of my favorite social media platforms to update my status and get updates from my friends. Sometimes I take a week without visiting any social networking site, particularly when I am busy. However, I tend to create time for social media so that I can interact with my friends and professional colleagues. Since social media is a bit casual when compared to the official communication channels, I usually use casual and informal language whenever I am on social media. Nonetheless, I always maintain respect and integrity on such sites. I essentially use social media for communication and entertainment purposes. I have to admit that sometimes I receive insightful information and I learn from other people’s social media updates. My purpose is to synchronize social media with my other commitments in a manner that will have a positive impact in my life. In this respect, my social media communication is usually respectful and trustworthy in the sense that I neither peddle rumors on social media nor share any unverified information. In as much as I would like to appear informal while communicating on social media, I always maintain a tinge of professionalism. For example, when constructing a message, I always watch my tone besides considering my intended audience. Since my

Please answer each one with a short papragraph Assignment

Please answer each one with a short papragraph - Assignment Example From the Colleen Barrett speech, one learns that as a leader a manager should look after his or her employees. The employees’ needs and problems are also the leader’s concern. A leader should be patient and understanding towards the employees. As a leader, the best way to implement servant leadership is through empathy. The manager should learn to understand what the employee goes through and provide them with support both physically and psychologically. Dr. Clayton Christensen gave three questions, which a student should ask himself or herself while planning to start a career. First, how can a student be sure he or she will be happy with the chosen career? Second, how can one know that his or her relationship with both the spouse and family become an enduring source of joy? Finally, how can a person be sure he or she will stay out of prison? Dr. Clayton Christensen’s personal questions enable one to evaluate him or herself based on career choice, relationships and moral values. Based on careers self evaluation, the advice ensures identification of the best career, which is also satisfactory. His recommendations also assist in analysing and knowing how to deal with human relationships especially between spouses and family. The last advice rules assists in straightening moral values. An individual can implement the following recommendations by choosing a suitable career, maintaining proper relationships and having agreeable va lues. Microsoft excel is one of the many Microsoft packages that assist in data input and presentation. As a beginner, the video tutorials assist in learning more about the program. The tutorial trains users on how the format works and how to enter data into the spreadsheet. Secondly, the tutorial informs the user on how to easily add more rows and columns to a table without worrying about updating formula references and filter settings.

Bankruptcy of Companies in Qatar Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bankruptcy of Companies in Qatar - Assignment Example Despite this, there is a well laid-down framework that governs the insolvency and subsequent liquidation of companies in Qatar. These rules and regulations mainly anchor on Chapter 10 of the Qatar Commercial Companies Law, Law No.5 of 2002. This legal regime in Qatar resembles the one that governs bankruptcy and insolvency in the United Arab Emirates. The only difference is that the Qatar regime lacks the provision that gives shareholders, with more than 25 per cent of the company’s shares, the right to declare the company bankrupt. This is usually a provision when a company suffers capital losses amounting to more than 75 per cent of its capital turnover. Instead, the provisions of Article 290 of the Qatari Code stipulate that if a limited liability company suffers losses amounting to equivalent of 50 per cent of the company’s capital, the directors of the company are expected to consider dissolving the company. Failure to institute a dissolution procedure makes the di rectors solely responsible for any further losses that may accrue from the company’s failure, to meet its legal obligations. According to (Latham & Watkins 2011), the legal framework that governs the application for dissolution of a company in Qatar still resembles that of the United Arab Emirates. ... There may be other circumstances such as the expiry of the term of the company as noted in the constitution of the company. A merger between two companies may also require the liquidation of the companies as per the constitutional terms. Dissolution due to bankruptcy materializes when a company incurs losses amounting to more than 50 per cent of the company’s financial capital. In such circumstances, the company directors are required to convene an extraordinary general meeting in order for the shareholders to make a determination on whether to dissolve the company. In cases where the board fails to convene the general meeting or where the general assembly fails to reach a general resolution pertaining to the dissolution of the company, any interested shareholder may initiate legal proceedings for the dissolution of the company as stipulated in Article 285 of the Company’s Law. The meeting of the general assembly is at liberty to dissolve the company if a majority of th e shareholders support the resolution to dissolve the company. Similarly, dissolution may be initiated by any shareholder with more than 25 per cent of the company’s shareholding. However, this only applies when the company returns a loss amounting to more than 75 per cent of its total financial capital for any given financial year. This framework is anchored on Article 289 of the Companies Law. When the liquidation of a company gets approved by the required majority, the dissolution process commences immediately and the term ‘liquidation’ is incorporated to the company’s name. It is worth noting that the Companies Law only stipulates the general guidelines that should govern the liquidation process. It does not lay out a formal dissolution

Relationships with Government Regulators and Policymakers Essay Example for Free

Relationships with Government Regulators and Policymakers Essay No, I did not believe that Merck acted in a socially responsible and ethical manner with regard to Vioxx. Vioxx is a prescription medicine used to relieve signs and symptoms of arthritis, acute pain in adults and painful menstrual cycle and Merck was one of the world’s leading pharmaceutical firms. Corporate social responsibility means that a corporation should act in a way that enhances society and its inhabitants and be held accountable for any of its actions that affect people, their communities, and their environment. I didn’t believe Merck acted in a socially responsible and ethical manner with regard to Vioxx is because Merck had long enjoyed a reputation as one of the most ethical and socially responsible of the major drug companies. Drug development and testing Merck was renowned for its research labs, which had a decades-long record of achievement, turning out one innovation after another, including drugs for cholesterol, hypertension, tuberculosis and other. In product development and testing, scientists know Vioxx there are serious health risks and the drug may have side effects such as cardiovascular complications but scientists think that the lives that could have potentially been and now know that the effects of the medication can improve then change and it can minimize the harmful side effects. During the development and testing phase for Vioxx has many issues regarding the safety of the drug were questioned due to the many cases of heart attacks and strokes resulting from the medication but also have people think heart attacks and strokes were common and they had multiple causes, including genetic predisposition, smoking, obesity and a sedentary lifestyles. Marketing and advertising This was new in the pharmaceutical industry as it was the first time the FDA were allowed to advertise to consumers and the advertising technique of Vioxx that was used was thru direct-to-consumer. Merck used an Olympic figure skater as the primary character within their commercials and telling viewers that she would â€Å"not let arthritis stop me.† The drug companies defended DTC ads, saying they informed consumers of newly available therapies and encouraged people to seek medical treatment so consumers then would request this medication, making doctors feel obliged to prescribe. Drug company focused most of their marketing efforts on prescribing physicians and as a result of this fiasco, implications for big pharmaceutical firms like Merck are clear, they have take more time to conduct more clinical studies and assess the health risks associated with the drugs even if it means a delay in the entry of the drug into the market. Relationships with government regulators and policymakers Vioxx were regulated by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and work of FDA is whether or not to approve a new drug. Some evidence suggested that the morale of FDA staff charged with evaluating the safety of new medicine had been hurt by relentless pressure to bring drugs to market quickly. The government and policymakers received large sums of money from the development company during the advertising phase and market introduction. The Agency has not had an opportunity to review the data from the study that was stopped in the depth that Merck has, but agrees with the company that there appear to be significant safety concerns for patients, particularly those taking the drug chronically and FDA plans to work closely with Merck to coordinate the withdrawal of this product from the US market. Handling of the recall Merck announced a voluntary worldwide withdrawal of Vioxx. From the published evidence of Vioxx is crystal clear risk of heart attack, as early as in the late 1990s, the company should be aware of risk awareness and the companys internal documents confirmed the the companys awareness of the risks. Yet Merck continued not only to sell the drug, but to market it heavily and as a first line choice, not merely for those thought to be at higher risk of stomach bleeding. Merck decisions and judgments of certain problems with Vioxxs launch can be faulted. They are either ignored or dismissed early signs of an increased risk of heart attack, whether it is in their own research and other post, trying to get to market faster. This proved to be deadly further studies in line with the concerns, and lead ultimately to lead to another wrong decision to recall the drug from the market and Merck would have hoped for, instead they lost the market of customers who would still have taken Vioxx in spite of the risks.

The Morphing of Child Pornography Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research

Morphing of Child Porn      Ã‚   At issue before the Circuit Courts has been the constitutionality of the 1996 Child Pornography Prevention Act (CPPA) in which Congress sought to modernize federal law by enhancing its ability to combat child pornography in the cyberspace era(Free Speech). There is a split in the circuit courts regarding this bill, and this essay will address the discrepancy.    This piece of legislation classifies an image that "appears to be" or "conveys the impression" of a minor engaging in sexually explicit acts as "virtual" child pornography. Such images include a photograph of a real child that may be scanned, replicated and manipulated by computer to create a sexually-oriented photo, or a wholly fake child that may be generated solely by computer graphics.    Congress recognized a loophole in the child pornography law, in that technological improvements have made it possible for child pornographers to use computers to "morph" or alter innocent images of actual children to create a composite image showing them in sexually explicit poses. With this in mind Congress intended to (1) ban computer-generated images that are "virtually indistinguishable" from those of real children, (2) to protect the privacy of actual children whose innocuous images are altered to create sexually explicit images and (3) to deprive child abusers of a "criminal tool" frequently used to facilitate the sexual abuse of children.    On December 17, 1999, in Free Speech Coalition v. Reno, the Ninth Circuit struck down the law as a content-based restriction on protected speech not in furtherance of any compelling governmental interest because the prohibited images are not of actual children. According to that C... ...guage of the statute "sufficiently narrowly tailored to promote the compelling government interest in preventing harm to actual children, based on substantiated Congressional findings that virtual pornography was used to seduce actual children into sexual activity, and thus comported with free speech guarantees."    WORKS CITED: Eleventh Circuit Opinions.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.law.emory.edu/11circuit/nov99/ Free Speech Coalition v. Reno, 198 F.3d 1083 (9th Cir. 1999), United States v. Hilton, 167 F.3d 61 (1st Cir. 1999), United States v. Acheson, 195 F.3d 645 (11th Cir. 1999), and United States v. Pearl, 89 F.Supp.2d 1237 (D.Utah 2000). Holder v. Free Speech Coalition, Docket No. 00-795).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.medill.northwestern.edu/docket/features2001.html United States v Hilton  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.law.emory.edu/1circuit/july2001/00-2545.01a.html

Fun Should be the Focus of Youth Sports :: Argumentative Persuasive Essay Examples

  Ã‚   Over the last two decades the growth of youth sports has reflected the popularity of professional sports in our society. To a foreign observer of the American culture we appear to be a sport's obsessed society. Sporting events and news are available to us twenty-four hours a day on television and radio; sports are an enormous industry. In 1995 it was determined that the sporting industry generated 85 billion dollars worth of business. It is now estimated that by the year 2005 the sporting industry will be worth more than 150 billion dollars, making one of the top ten industries in the U.S. (Murphy 32). The outstanding popularity of the sports industry has had a profound affect on youth sport's organizations. Recent surveys place the number of children participating in various team sports at around 20 million. However, critics estimate that as many as 73 percent quit sports by age thirteen. The majority of children drop out by middle school age because sports are no longer fun for them. There are several contributing factors to this phenomenon, parents and coaches putting excessive pressure on children, over competitiveness, anxiety, and simple loss of interest.    Children join sports at a young age, and it is usually the parent who decides what sport the child will play. Parents are often very involved in their child's sport. The parents buy the team trophies, uniforms, and equipment and shuttle their child to and from games and practices. Most children enjoy this time they spend with their family and friends. There is little emphasis placed on competition and children all have an equal chance to participate. They are able to "play" with their friends outside the school environment and simply have fun, which in turn keeps children interested and involved in their sport.    As children get older they ascend to a higher level in their sport, for instance, from T- ball, to little league. During this time pressure to succeed starts to rise. Parents and coaches often become more involved with the game than with their children, attention starts to focus to the more "talented" players on the team, and competition and "who wins" takes precedence over having fun. In his book The Cheers and the Tears, sport's psychologist Shane Murphy Ph.D., claims that "One way in which many traditional youth sport programs fail to meet the needs of children is by introducing too much competition too early.

Comic Relief

Kaylee King Per. 2 Comic Relief Shakespeare’s element of comic relief in his plays provides more than just mere pieces of entertainment for the groundlings; it allows a break from the dense and sometimes evil continuity of the play. Comic scenes provide relief to the audience while building up the intensity from earlier scenes. Sometimes appearing out of place within the play, the scenes and characters are still significant roles in advancing the play. In Shakespeare’s Hamlet comic relief is supplied throughout the plot through the character of Polonius.Polonius, a foolish old man with a lot to say, is able to produce the amount of relief necessary to his audience. With his long speeches and pleasing manner, Polonius sets a certain tone towards the entirety of the play. Time and time again he gives the old â€Å"when I was your age speech† and assumes the role of a parent to everyone, giving his unwanted and disregarded opinion. When a player about the death of P riam makes a deep and eloquent speech, Polonius interrupts by simply saying, â€Å"This is too long. † This being said was entirely ironic because of the long and seemingly pointless speeches that Polonius dishes out to anyone able to hear.Shakespeare’s use of Polonius as a comic character is significant towards the overall tone of the play. The depressing and death filled play needs a comic way to show its tragic nature through a sort of dark humor. Hamlet’s many remarks regarding death and old age towards Polonius is a prime example of this. Polonius being the foolish elderly man he is, provides an easy target for Hamlet so called ‘humor. ’ Jokes of murder and death, although humorous, provide an edge of darkness to the tone of Hamlet.

The above statement and discuss its accuracy in relation to airspace and subterranean space Essays

The above statement and discuss its accuracy in relation to airspace and subterranean space Essays The above statement and discuss its accuracy in relation to airspace and subterranean space Essay The above statement and discuss its accuracy in relation to airspace and subterranean space Essay Essay Topic: Law The law concerning airspace and subterranean space appears to be exceptionally complex and to an extent even outdated. Sir William James attempt to clarify the law using the Latin maxim cuis est solum eius est usque ad coelum et ad inferos1 seems to have created even more legal uncertainty and appears to have done more harm than good. The maxim is now subject to vast exceptions as well as having been denounced by contemporary legal commentators and even senior judges. This essay will explore the accuracy of Sir William James judgement; it will also question the argument that the maxim is still considered the ordinary rule of law2 and will look at how modern land law has gone about dealing with the legal confusion caused by this judgement, focusing primarily on airspace and subterranean space. Firstly, in order to explain the above statement, it may be beneficial to look closely at the facts of the case in which the judgement was made (Corbett v Hill 1870)3. In brief, the case concerned the trespass of land where the claimant failed in attempting to seek an injunction to stop the defendant building a room over-looking the claimants property. After citing the maxim as being the ordinary rule of law4, Sir James admitted its exceptional level of legal ambiguity and even conceded that no doubt, [the maxim] is frequently rebutted5, especially in regards to property in towns [by] other adjoining tenements6. Thus, in relation to the accuracy of the statement, one must appreciate the case is from the 19th century; during a time when technology had not progressed as much as it has today and accordingly airborne methods of transport had not yet been invented. This meant trespassing through the higher levels of airspace would not have been an issue and consequently, detailed legislation regarding the law of airspace may not have been considered necessary at the time. Hence, it may be argued that Sir William James simply cited the maxim with the intention of it serving merely as a rough direction of law but, unaware of the rapid advancement of technology within the 21st century, and so the inventions of aeroplanes and other methods of aerial transport have subsequently required clarification within the law of airspace and have demonstrated the impracticality of applying the maxim in modern times. Inevitably, the judgement has caused vast legal uncertainty and for this reason has been at the centre of immense criticism from both legal commentators7 as well as even senior judges. The suggestion that a land owner has complete control of everything up to the sky and down to the centre of the earth is not only practically unrealistic, but also, theoretically delusional which has resulted in Sprankling8 dismissing the maxim as merely a poetic hyperbole9 suggesting its over-dramatic implications regarding a landowners rights in airspace and subterranean land. This criticism is supported by Lord Wilberforce who has openly criticized the maxims feasibility as being sweeping, unscientific and impractical10. Furthermore, its implication that land is only measureable on a two-dimensional level (in terms of its physical structure) is an argument that has been strongly dismissed by Gray and Gray (2009)11 who claim that portions of a land may be owned by several different owners and thus claim that a transfer of a merely two-dimensional plot of land would have little meaning and even less utility12. They argue that a third dimension of land should have been recognised within the maxim and should now be explicitly acknowledged by the courts as they believe it can exist as as an independent unit of real property13. Gray and Gray (2009) further criticise the maxim for being virtually worthless suggesting it holds very little, if any, legal value in the modern legal system. Hence, these strong dismissals and denunciations of the maxim by senior academics and legal professionals may be argued as representing the modern attitude towards it; suggesting its significance in modern land law is not as much as it was when cited in the 19th century or at the time of its creation. Inevitably, as a result of the vast legal ambiguity and immense criticism that the judgement has faced, a major attempt to rectify the confusion regarding airspace finally came about with the establishment of the terms the lower stratum and the upper stratum. Although these terms appeared to contradict the maxim, they created a groundbreaking change in the law of airspace by splitting airspace into two categories. The lower stratum is that which was necessary for the landowners reasonable enjoyment. In Bernstein14 it was held that determining the requirement of reasonable enjoyment15 is dependent on the type, height and size of the property. Whereas, the upper stratum is that which is above the height which is reasonably necessary for the ordinary enjoyment16. In Bernstein17, Griffiths J also stated that a landowner has no greater rights in the upper stratum than any other member of the public. This is also identically reflected with the obiter dicta of Lord Brown in Bocardo SA (2010)18 where he stated that the air is a public highway19 and if that was not true then every transcontinental flight would subject the operator to countless trespass suits. 20 Both statements appear to be valid and rational as there can be no private ownership of airspace which is entitled to the public. However, both of these statements appeared to be expressly undermined in Kelsen (1957)21 where it was held that the placing of an advertisement banner on (the upper stratum of) another persons land, although did not interfere with the defendants reasonable enjoyment, yet still constituted a trespass. This judgement can be criticised on the basis that it appears to overtly contradict the basic judgement in Bernstein and the consequently conventional principle that the upper stratum is open for the use of the public and that the landowner has no greater rights to it over any other public. However, in Liaqat v Majid22, Silber J justly diverged from the judgement in Kelsen23 and rightfully re-emphasized the principle established in Bernstein24 stating where the interference of land was at a height that did not interfere with the claimants airspace25 then it does not constitute a trespass. This principle was further re-emphasized in Manitoba and Air Canada (1978)26 in which the state of Manitoba argued that goods being sold on an aeroplane flying over Manitoba could be subjected to domestic taxing. Prima facie, it appears that if the maxim is applied retrospectively then technically Manitoba argument should be accepted, however, the maxim was again dismissed by the court and the claim failed as they emphasized the judgement in Bernstein27 that there can be no ownership of the upper stratum. The inaccuracy of the maxim is further demonstrated by the enactment of The Civil Aviation Act (1982)28. Section 76(1)29 discusses grounds for trespass30 and nuisance31 stating that no action can arise if an aircraft is flying over a property, providing it has shown consideration to the wind, weather and so long as all circumstances of the case [are] reasonable. The wording of this statute appears to be as equally ambiguous as the maxim itself in the sense that it leads to the question how would a mere bystander or a reasonable man know if an aircraft has had taken the wind and the weather into consideration and that all the circumstances of his flight are reasonable before establishing if his/her airspace had been trespassed?. Although there are exceptions for aeroplanes landing and taking off, the general rule stated in the Rules of the Air (Amendment) Regulations 200532 is that it is not permissible for an aircraft to fly any closer than 500 feet to any person, vessel, vehicle or structure. 33 Both statues have considerably clarified the confusion regarding invasion of airspace and have further demonstrated the inaccuracy of Sir James statement. Additionally, Gray and Gray (2009)34 further go on to emphasise the importance of remedies for trespass in modern land law. In particular, the rise in privacy laws such as Article 8(i) of the European Convention on Human Rights35, which give landowners the right to respect of his private and family life, his home and his correspondence36, have also had a big impact on modern land law. The question that subsequently arises is how does the law protect a landowner from invasion of his airspace or violation of his convention rights? The answer to this is damages are available on the grounds of trespass37 or nuisance38. It should be noted that trespass does not have to include damage to the property and can simply be interfering or crossing over onto another property without lawful consent. This is demonstrated in Lewvest Ltd (1982)39 where the court held that construction cranes which operated over the upper stratum40 of the claimants property constituted a trespass and thus, the defendants were required to pay damages. Prima facie, this judgement can be criticised on the basis that there was no direct or indirect damage to the claimants property as the claimant did not even suffer any physical loss but it was merely the defendant attempting to make use and benefit out of the claimants airspace. Consequently it may also be argued that the cranes were being operated on the upper stratum of the claimants property as it was out of the level of that which was necessary for the claimants reasonable enjoyment41 and so under the Bernstein principle that there is no ownership of the higher stratum. On the other hand, one can understand why the courts came about this judgement. In particular, the flood gates argument comes to mind in that, if the court held that large construction companies were able to use machinery over nearby property without facing any legal charges, this would cause an enormous influx of cases on the grounds of both trespass and nuisance. Hence, with the benefit of hindsight it appears that the judgement was valid. Similarly, there has been a substantial attempt to clarify the meaning, scope and invasion of the lower stratum through the aid of subsequent case law. Everyday scenarios such as cutting off your neighbours overhanging branches have been declared lawful however, after cutting the branches off they must be returned to the neighbour (Lemon v Webb)42. Subsequently, taking the fruits off the branch either for personal benefit or to sell them on has been declared unlawful (Mills v Brooker)43. It may be argued that all these judgements (regarding both the upper and lower stratum) have drastically moulded the modern law of airspace in an attempt to adapt to the lifestyle of the 21st century; in particular acknowledging the development of technology and airborne methods of transport. However, there still seems to be some unanswered questions which remain; for example, if a child playing football accidently kicks the ball over the fence does that encompass trespass? Alternatively, if youre next door neighbours pet comes into your garden and eats the food youve left for your pet does that include trespass? Likewise, the decision in Lemmon and Webb (date)44 appears to answer the obvious question regarding over-hanging branches, but fails to explicitly recognise or answer the somewhat un-obvious questions. For example, if someone puts their hand across the garden fence to try and cut a tree belonging to them but over-reaches onto their neighbours side of the garden; does this constitute trespass? Although, these are mere policy arguments and are not as common as the cases cited above, these scenarios should be taken into consideration by the courts and clarified before possible future cases arise and thus avert them from causing even more confusion regarding airspace. In relation to subterranean land, the maxim has caused just as much legal uncertainty and confusion as it has in regards to airspace. Although, it is certainly true in stating that a land owner has rights to land under the soil, however, the suggestion that these rights go down to the centre of the earth is equally as misleading as the suggestion his rights go up to the sky. The general rule regarding subterranean land, in particular treasure, is that if an item found fits under the definition of treasure (as defined in the Treasure Act 1996)45 then it automatically belongs to the crown. Under this definition, treasure is any object at least 300 years old with a metallic content of which at least 10% is precious metal. Subsequent case law has determined that, minerals, treasures and other inorganic substances which are found underneath the grounds of the owner all belong to landowner46. However there are exceptions regarding coal47 which has not been worked on and petroleum48; both of which belong to the Coal Authority and the Crown respectively. Gray and Gray (2009) further state that the landowner has no absolute title to the water that flows through his/her land whether it is through a channel or river. Although, in Embrey (1851) it was declared that the landowner has the right to reasonably enjoy the flow of water, however, this was later amended in John Young Co [1893] where it was held that this right only exists providing that the flow of water or its purity is not diminished for others to use. Likewise, in Fothringham (1984)49 it was held that the landowner has the right to fish in the water flowing through his land as far as he can reach by normal casting or spinning50. This was later strengthened and clarified in Nicholls[1936]51 where it was held that the landowner has the right to the fish once he/she catches and kills them they then become his/her property. As subterranean land is included within a landowners property, it is therefore possible to constitute trespass through the subterranean zone; the area beneath the land which is owned by the landowner. Subsequent case law has demonstrated various ways in which trespass of the subterranean zone have occurred including trespass via entry to a cave as demonstrated in Edwards (1930)52 or alternatively by installing sewage and draining pipe underneath the owners land without lawful consent or authorisation from the landowner as was the case in Roberts (2001). 53 Consequently, before identifying if there can be a possible claim of adverse possession, there are certain statutory and common law requirements which need to be fulfilled. These statutory requirements are listed within the Limitation Act (1980)54 which state that no action can be brought by a landowner in an attempt to recover his land after the expiration of twelve years from the date on which the right of action accrued to him, or from the date on which the right accrued to some person through whom he claims. The right of action is perceived as having accrued once a landowner has been dispossessed of his land or has discontinued use of it. In terms of airspace it is both practically and legally impossible for adverse possession of the higher stratum. This is because the higher stratum has been identified as being open for the use of the public55. Likewise, in terms of adverse possession of subterranean land, though it appears theoretically and to some extent lawfully possible however, it appears impractical and unfeasible. Moreover, in regards to classifying landowners subterranean rights including that of adverse possession, legal commentator Dr Jean Howel56 suggests that the same test that has been applied by Griffiths J in Bernstein57 should also be applied to identify ownership of subterranean land. This argument appears to be supported by the Supreme Court in Bocardo SA v Star where the court reduced damages in regards to subterranean trespass. They did so on the grounds that the defendants actions occasioned no harm whatsoever to the land and more importantly it did not interfere with Bocardos [the claimants] use or enjoyment of its land58. This judgement appears to be sensible and makes a substantial attempt to clarify the law regarding subterranean land by referencing the reasonable enjoyment of land principle established in Bernstein. However, although the principle seems to be an established precedent, it may be criticised for lacking practicality in regards to how it can be applied to subterranean land. The biggest problem being how would one classify what is reasonably necessary for enjoyment in terms of land under the ground? It is not as easy as classifying the lower and upper stratum of airspace as subterranean land is not as widely used as airspace. Hence, if Howels theory is applied, the courts will have the complex task in overtly establishing how far below the soil a landowner has rights to; with consideration to Gray and Gray (2009) who suggest that it is unlikely to be much further than 200 metres below the surface59. Furthermore, one must clearly comprehend and differentiate the fact that Spranklings commentary in Owning the Centre of the Earth60 and opinions therein reflect his thoughts on American land law which, although can be compared to Britain in some respects, cannot be applied wholly or generalised entirely to British land law .