Locus of Control Essay Example for Free

Locus of Control Essay In the wake of finishing and assessing my reactions to the Locus of Control Assessment, my outcome was that I have an inner locus of control. An inner locus of control is the point at which an individual accepts that they are for the most part in charge of the occasions that influence their life. As I would like to think, the evaluation is correct, I trust I control the vast majority of the occasions that occur in my life. Presently, on the opposite end an outer locus of control is the point at which an individual accepts that they by and large don't have control of the occasions that influence their life (Myers, 2012, p. 1). The two dependable sources I found that gave data on Locus of Control were www. ncrel. organization and www. psych. uncc. edu. In the wake of directing some exploration I have verified that there are certain and negative results for both inward and outside locus of control. The significant thing is to keep a harmony between them. Some positive inner locus of control circumstances are the point at which you concentrate hard and get An in your test or when you participate in a challenge and win. In these circumstances you controlled the occasion in your life. The negative part of an inside locus of control is that now and again you can’t control the occasions that influence your life. For instance being determined to have colon malignant growth or having medical procedure to expel your digestive tract. In these circumstances are individual with an inside locus of control may feel sad and accuse them selves for not forestalling it. With regards to an outside locus of control the constructive part of it is that when circumstances emerge that individual will in all probability credit it to something different. For instance, they would state it was karma on the off chance that they won the lottery or the educator was feeling acceptable in the event that they got a C in their math class. In negative cases they will reprimand others for the result since they accept they don’t have any power over the occasions that occurred in their life. A model would be in the event that they don’t get their work done in light of the fact that their mother neglected to purchase paper or on the off chance that they have a mishap and backside the individual before them and censure the other driver for halting unexpectedly. As I would like to think, it is smarter to have an inner locus of control. The motivation behind why I accept this is on the grounds that much of the time we have power over specific occasions that occur in our life. Having an outer locus of control would give the individual no awareness of other's expectations for their activities since they believe they don't have command over it. An individual with an inward locus of control is increasingly dependable, effective, effortlessly propelled and continually searching for development inside them. An individual with an outer locus of control is less dependable, accuses every other person for their disappointments, is less propelled and achievement is something they feel will occur in the event that others accomplish it for them. Contingent upon the circumstance or the existence occasion these two must be adjusted. On the off chance that you’re an individual with an inner locus of control like me and we experience a circumstance that is out of our hands we need to acknowledge that and comprehend that not everything in life can be controlled. A few things will happen regardless of what we do. In cases like this is when it’s acceptable to have an outside locus of control in light of the fact that for certain individuals not being in charge constantly and encountering a circumstance that is out of their hands can be harming for their confidence. At the point when an occasion emerges we ought to have the option to sensibly take a gander at the circumstance and investigate if there was anything we could have done distinctive to take care of the issue or maintained a strategic distance from it and assess the choices we made that finished up with the final product. When you break down the circumstance you can decide whether changing the means you took would have changed the final product. On the off chance that it wouldn’t have changed the out come, at that point it was out of your hands and you should consider it to be an outside locus rather than an inward locus.

Proud to Be Me Free Essays

Danae Fuller [Company Name] Proud To Be Me! Gazing in the mirror I can’t start to reveal to you how, The things I saw when I was youthful don’t even bother me now. When yet young ladies, to every one of my companions, see we were no different, Until I heard that young ladies like me were given various names. From the start I didn’t like the idea of being called â€Å"black† I resented something dull I didn’t like that I was set apart Along the way started a sparkThere goes the question mark. We will compose a custom exposition test on Pleased to Be Me or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now I love the way that I’m special My darker skin and bended body I love the way that I am dark reason dark is basically me. I don’t look like each young lady on promotions and TV screens, The things I eat, may not be your preferred style food. Maybe the manner in which I treat my hair isn't your own daily practice, And possibly we don’t need similar measures of solid sunscreen I love the way that I am dark reason dark is essentially me.Thinking back I need to state, I’m pleased with those previously, Fighting till the tide of opportunity appeared on the shore. Taking steps towards triumph achieving substantially more, Than individuals could’ve thought yet now Sir Justice won the war. I love the way that I am dark reason dark is basically me So now I’ve no motivation to address reflection, I know who I am I acknowledge my defects. I’m pleased with the distinction in my own composition, I have no bad things to say, no change, no protests. Step by step instructions to refer to Proud to Be Me, Papers

Wikipedia as a Credible Source free essay sample

The issue of dependability and believability emerges in light of absence of certifications of editors, remembering one-sided see for content, articles are not peer-checked on before distributing source refered to might be invalid, style, and tone needs reason. A few favorable circumstances of Wisped are explanation on points and data is in clear straightforward terms for simple comprehension. A burdens of utilizing Wisped as source is the issue Of editors respectability. There are various discussion regarding this matter across various scholastic offices in light of the fact that the site permits anybody add to the substance without confirming his scholarly qualifications or ability on the topic.In option, the greater part of nutritious data is mysterious; along these lines there is no name to credit the citations to and this forestalls unwavering quality on the grounds that nobody thinks about the proofreader. Wisped distributes substance contributed by the entirety of its editors. A model is a clinical subject with respect to lung malignant growth. The substance reflect data from specialists as well as from bookkeepers who may not comprehend the theme. We will compose a custom paper test on Wikipedia as a Credible Source or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This implies substance with respect to lung malignant growth isn't just refreshed by specialists had practical experience in the field yet in addition by magma. Fails, dental specialist, and so on. As indicated by Miller and Murray (2010) Thus, when in doubt, Wisped s not a proper source to depend on for specialized data that would possibly be right if the editorial manager had particular information, similar to people in general or private nature of proprietorship for a lodging complex when a finding of state activity turns on the assurance (P. 17). Absence of legitimacy and unwavering quality is the reason researchers and scholastics dishearten their understudies from utilizing Wisped as a source in scholarly composing due to evident certifications. Data may not be dependable and exact on Wisped because of absence of companion looked into articles before distributing on the site. Articles are consequently accessible o clients, without second sentiment by a specialist in the field, when refreshing with new data. Non-specialists may not be well learned on explicit themes to give important commitments or evacuate erroneous data. Wisped doesn't consider any of the editors responsible for the substance on realities; in this manner there is no ramification for contributing incorrectly information.Many articles on the site needs reference list for simple confirmation on the precision of the substance. Articles on Wisped are regularly not refered to scholarly source. As indicated by Carleton College (2007), Because anybody can advertisement or change content, there is a natural absence Of unwavering quality and dependability to Wisped. Writers of articles may not really be specialists on the themes they expound on, leaving a ton of space for mistakes, falsehood, and predisposition. Refering to diaries or companion audited materials are sources on Wisped could be a decent reference source as an optional reference source.Wisped is definitely not a solid hotspot for scholarly reference where there is a chance of editors submitting or adjusting data on a theme to mirror their own view. Because of the structure of Wisped, distributing an articled with audit can lead o exclusion of significant realities on the point. Additionally if the manager misconstrues or misjudges the idea of the subject, the article is left temperamental and invalid on the grounds that the importance of the point is not quite the same as the facts.To maintain a strategic distance from one-sided articles, any proofreader that accepts enthusiastically around one-side of a theme ought not post update the substance Wisped, along these lines safeguardi ng the respectability of the theme. Style and tone in many articles on Wisped are poor composed and needs clearness. This is a consequence of various volunteer editors on a similar theme and inappropriate reconciliation of updates in the article. Articles on Wisped are commonly not intended for a particular crowd since specialists and non-specialists on the point add to its substance, along these lines losing it tone.Advantages of Wisped are simple openness to a large number of articles on wide assortment Of subjects. 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4 Factors When Tapping a 529 Plan in Retirement

If you've dreamed about going back to school, but haven't had the time, don't give up yet. By opening a 529 plan while you're still working, you can fund at least part of your educational expenses when you retire and have the time and energy to study. There are lots of educational options for retirees and many of them qualify for 529 plan funding. Whether you want to get a degree or just take a few graduate or undergraduate classes, you can use 529 plan funds on classes at any institute of higher education that qualifies for federal student loans. Joe Hurley, founder of Savingforcollege.com, has established 529 plans for himself and his wife with a view towards taking classes once they retire. "529s can be used tax-free for attendance at eligible institutions," he says. "You don't have to go full-time or even half-time. You can take a single class at a time at your local community college." If you're thinking about going back to school when you retire and are interested in funding a 529 plan, here are some factors to consider: Opening and funding a 529 plan You can open up a 529 plan for as little as $25 to $50 for most plans. Every state and the District of Columbia have at least one plan. Look at your state's plan first, as you might get a tax deduction for investing in your own state's plan. Obviously, the earlier you start saving, the more you can sock away for your educational needs. If you're serious about going back to school, opening a 529 plan is a commitment toward achieving that goal, Hurley says. But when thinking about opening a 529 plan and funding it, don't skip on filling your retirement coffers, says Craig Silverman, a financial adviser with AXA Advisors in Melville, NY. "It's a challenge these days for many to have enough money to save for retirement, let alone saving in a 529 plan for themselves," he says. Take advantage of tax savings There are potentially two ways to save on taxes by using a 529 plan for educational expenses in retirement. The first way to save is that many states offer tax deductions or credits for contributions to 529 plans. Find out more about each state's plans here. Even if you haven't saved any money in advance of retirement, you can open a 529 plan right before you start school. Deposit what you plan to pay in tuition, books or other school expenses in that account and take it out later to fund your classes. Doing so will give you a tax deduction, Silverman says. Secondly, any earnings you receive on money in your 529 plan are tax-free when used for qualified educational expenses. So, if you save for a number of years and have some good returns, you don't have to pay taxes on those returns and have more to spend on your education, Hurley says. Spending 529 plan funds You're retired and ready to go back to school. To find out if a college, technical school or other educational institute is qualified or to find a qualified school in your state, check this story. For example, in Pennsylvania, there are hundreds of eligible institutions. They include The Art Institute of Pittsburgh, where you can take cooking, photography and art classes, and Beaver County Community College, where you can study for a teacher's certificate in yoga or take liberal arts and business classes. You can spend 529 plan funds on tuition, books and fees. You can even pay for room and board if you're attending college at least half-time, based on the normal full-time workload of that particular course of study as determined by the school but not less than federal standards, says Hurley. Managing leftover money If you've saved money for yourself to go back to school and you don't end up using it, or you don't end up spending all of it, there are options. "You can transfer the money to one of your own kids, or to your spouse, a niece, nephew or other relative, without penalty and that person can use the money for their own college expenses," says Silverman. Transferring all or part of the money from a 529 plan is pretty simple. You can get a form from your 529 plan and have the money transferred into a relative's 529 account. Posted September 10, 2010 If you've dreamed about going back to school, but haven't had the time, don't give up yet. By opening a 529 plan while you're still working, you can fund at least part of your educational expenses when you retire and have the time and energy to study. There are lots of educational options for retirees and many of them qualify for 529 plan funding. Whether you want to get a degree or just take a few graduate or undergraduate classes, you can use 529 plan funds on classes at any institute of higher education that qualifies for federal student loans. Joe Hurley, founder of Savingforcollege.com, has established 529 plans for himself and his wife with a view towards taking classes once they retire. "529s can be used tax-free for attendance at eligible institutions," he says. "You don't have to go full-time or even half-time. You can take a single class at a time at your local community college." If you're thinking about going back to school when you retire and are interested in funding a 529 plan, here are some factors to consider: Opening and funding a 529 plan You can open up a 529 plan for as little as $25 to $50 for most plans. Every state and the District of Columbia have at least one plan. Look at your state's plan first, as you might get a tax deduction for investing in your own state's plan. Obviously, the earlier you start saving, the more you can sock away for your educational needs. If you're serious about going back to school, opening a 529 plan is a commitment toward achieving that goal, Hurley says. But when thinking about opening a 529 plan and funding it, don't skip on filling your retirement coffers, says Craig Silverman, a financial adviser with AXA Advisors in Melville, NY. "It's a challenge these days for many to have enough money to save for retirement, let alone saving in a 529 plan for themselves," he says. Take advantage of tax savings There are potentially two ways to save on taxes by using a 529 plan for educational expenses in retirement. The first way to save is that many states offer tax deductions or credits for contributions to 529 plans. Find out more about each state's plans here. Even if you haven't saved any money in advance of retirement, you can open a 529 plan right before you start school. Deposit what you plan to pay in tuition, books or other school expenses in that account and take it out later to fund your classes. Doing so will give you a tax deduction, Silverman says. Secondly, any earnings you receive on money in your 529 plan are tax-free when used for qualified educational expenses. So, if you save for a number of years and have some good returns, you don't have to pay taxes on those returns and have more to spend on your education, Hurley says. Spending 529 plan funds You're retired and ready to go back to school. To find out if a college, technical school or other educational institute is qualified or to find a qualified school in your state, check this story. For example, in Pennsylvania, there are hundreds of eligible institutions. They include The Art Institute of Pittsburgh, where you can take cooking, photography and art classes, and Beaver County Community College, where you can study for a teacher's certificate in yoga or take liberal arts and business classes. You can spend 529 plan funds on tuition, books and fees. You can even pay for room and board if you're attending college at least half-time, based on the normal full-time workload of that particular course of study as determined by the school but not less than federal standards, says Hurley. Managing leftover money If you've saved money for yourself to go back to school and you don't end up using it, or you don't end up spending all of it, there are options. "You can transfer the money to one of your own kids, or to your spouse, a niece, nephew or other relative, without penalty and that person can use the money for their own college expenses," says Silverman. Transferring all or part of the money from a 529 plan is pretty simple. You can get a form from your 529 plan and have the money transferred into a relative's 529 account. Posted September 10, 2010

Lab 13 Essay - 1011 Words

Debbie Lester Biology Lab 13 1. Arrange the following molecules from least to most specific with respect to the original nucleotide sequence: RNA, DNA, Amino Acid, Protein Protein, amino acid, RNA, DNA 2. Identify two structural differences between DNA and RNA. Two structural differences between DNA and RNA would be that RNA contains ribose while DNA is missing the hydroxyl group form its ribose. Also, RNA is created by transcription of a gene locate in the cells of DNA. DNA is doubled stranded whereas RNA is single stranded. 3. Suppose you are performing an experiment in which you must use heat to denature a double helix and create two single stranded pieces. Based on what you know about nucleotide bonding, do you think†¦show more content†¦We will not go through the process here, but as an illustration of this â€Å"alternate splicing†, remove codons (beads) 52 - 66 from your sentence above. b. What does the sentence say now? (re-write the entire sentence) Mutations are simply changes in the sequence of nucleotides. There are three ways this occurs: 1. Change a nucleotide(s) 2. Remove a nucleotide(s) 3. Add a nucleotide(s) 3. Using the sentence from exercise 1B: a. Change the 24th bead to a different color. What does the sentence say now (re-read the entire sentence)? Does the sentence still make sense? b. Replace the 24th bead and remove the 20th bead (remember what was there). What does the sentence say (re-read the entire sentence)? Does the sentence still make sense? If it doesn’t make sense as a sentence, are there any words that do? If so, what words still make sense? c. Replace the 20th bead and add one between bead numbers 50 and 51. What does the sentence say now? Does the sentence still make sense? d. In 3.a (above) you mutated one letter. What role do you think the redundancy of the genetic code plays in this type of change? e. Based on your observations, why do you suppose the mutations we made in 3.b and 3.c are called frame shift mutations? f. Which mutations do you suspect have the greatest consequence? Why? Experiment 2: Transcription and Translation DNA codes for all of the proteins manufactured by any organism (includingShow MoreRelatedGoogle Essay6596 Words   |  27 Pagesgo-to-market and innovation problem PSG faced in 2005. Focus on innovation that matters to customers and current products. Provide structure to the innovation developed. Create a process whereby HP Labs could help PSG in the development of their products and PSG could help bring to market some of HP Labs products. Increase profits and maintain continuing profitable growth. Move towards the media and entertainment industry. The case concludes with asking if other strong performing business unitsRead MoreEssay about AP Investigation Lab #13 Enzyme Activity1929 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿ Background Information Part 1 In the first part of the enzyme lab, we mixed a substrate and an indicator with an enzyme. There was also a neutral buffer in each of the chemical mixtures. The neutral buffer regulated the pH to around 7. We got a color palette and once we mixed each together, we observed and saw a change in the color of the substance. The darker and more brown the substance got, the more oxygen produced by the reaction. Our results showed that amount of oxygen produced increasedRead MoreMy Reaction to the Movie, Apollo 13 Essay719 Words   |  3 PagesApollo 13 This was the first time I have seen Apollo 13, despite the fact that I had heard so many great things about it. After having some time to think about it, I can honestly say I took a lot of things out of it. 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But the work presented in this paper is the inspiration of the work [14] where a lineRead MoreBCH2333A Syllabus Winter 2015 1 1110 Words   |  5 Pageslectures is key to your success in the course! Tuesday: 13:00 - 14:30 MRN AUD Thursday 11:30 - 13:00 MRN AUD DGDs: All DGDs are in BSC140 (except DGD 9 which is in LEE A131) and start the week of Jan 19th 2015. The DGDs are for lecture content. See you lab TAs for lab question. Students who attend DGDs (tutorials) have a much higher degree of success in the course. DGD 1 Monday 10:00 - 11:30 DGD 2 Monday 11:30 - 13:00 DGD 3 Monday 13:00 - 14:30 DGD 4 Monday 14:30 - 16:00 DGD 5 WednesdayRead MoreCanadian Scientist : Dr. Jeffrey I.733 Words   |  3 PagesI. Gordon is a researcher that works out of his lab at Washington University in St. Louis called the Centre for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology and investigates with mice and germs (The Gordon Lab, 2014). 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ROMRead MoreCardio Lab Essay1584 Words   |  7 Pagesdocument to report your findings from the CardioLab Exploration Experiment. The lab report consists of three sections: Data, Exploration, and Lab Summary. †¢ Data: copy any data, graphs, charts, or notes that you have saved in your CardioLab online notebook into this section. †¢ Exploration: Answer the questions. The questions in the Exploration section are the same questions in your CardioLab instructions. †¢ Lab Summary: Write a 100- to 200-word summary. Data To copy your data from your

The Modern Renaissance Essay - 468 Words

Modern science, philosophy, religion, and art. These were all affected by the Renaissance. It changed the lifestyles and thoughts of most people. One of the major influences of these changes was the idea of natural law. The idea came from the Humanists, who believed in the power of the mind.. People started referring to the ancient Greeks and Latins ways of thinking. They believed these philosophers ideas and beliefs were all one needed to live an effective and moral life. Soon, the children were being taught about the Greek philosophies and ways. These new teachings sparked a new intellectual era. A new way of life was here. It involved independent thinking, constant improvement, and a more realistic approach. Art was†¦show more content†¦On top of this, sculptures became very popular, such as Michaelangelos ?David?, have had a major impact on our daily lives. We daily come across sculptures, or better known as statues. We even often dedicate statues to people we hold in high respect. One of the most important ideas of the Renaissance is the scientific method. This helped encourage the process of discovery and invention. Instead of focusing on the mechanical philosophy of everything occurring in nature, scientists now focused on observational and theoretical evidence. The invention of new objects thrived in this environment. The first computers, although mechanical in nature, were developed. Without this, I may not have been able to type this paper, or the printer print it. Even airplanes, a very typical and efficient transportation today, can be derived from Da Vincis drawings and ideas. Thousands of scientists and millions of students use the scientific method every day, in classes, production, and experimentation. Or perhaps we can look at Galileos telescope. This idea, which was incomprehensible for most at the time of invention, now lets us look light-years into the depths of space. The humanist philosophies did not discar d religion, though. 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It concerned expectations of families and communities, not just the longings of the couple. Shakespeare’s ‘Midsummer Night Dream’ gives us a clear view of a typical situation when couples fall in love and defy the rules. In the play there are four characters (Hermia, Helena, LysanderRead MoreHumanism and the Renaissance Arts1289 Words   |  5 PagesWhen discussing the Renaissance; the most intimate area of focus are, art and architecture. Although no one really talks about Renaissance being an obvious era of some of the greatest and most innovative masters of painting, sculptures and builders. Or even that It is also the most influential eras that marked the emergence of a great deal of Scholars, thinkers, writers and philosophers. Regardless the Renaissance (a French word for â€Å"rebirth†) was a much needed time for awakening, from the intellectual

Corporations Law Satin Co.Ltd and Cotton Ltd

Questions: Question 1: Cotton Limited holds 89.5% of the shares in Satin Co Limited. The remaining shares are held by Silk and several other small investors. The Board of Satin wants the company to become a wholly owned subsidiary of Cotton Limited as they expect this will result in both taxation benefits and a saving on accounting fees and administration charges of about $230,000. Cotton Limited offers to buy the shares held by Silk and other minority members but they refuse. Arrangements are made to hold a members meeting to pass a resolution changing the constitution of Satin by inserting a new clause 53 any member entitled to 80% or more of the issued shares may compulsorily acquire all the remaining shares. Silk and other minority members receive written notice of the company meeting together with a proxy form and a valuation certificate stating the shares were worth $2.50 each. Although the offer is fair Silk does not want to sell her shares and wants to start legal action to prevent the proposed alt eration to the constitution.Discuss whether she may succeed in her action. Would your answer be different if the real reason for compulsorily acquiring the shares from Silk was that she discovered operating a business in competition with Satin Co and was using information gained as a member to take away some of Satins business? Question 2: Polyester is a director of Style Pty. Limited involved in making womens clothing. Has she breached any duties under the Corporation Act in the following situations? Situation 1. She arranges with the companys bank to transfer an amount of $65,000 from the company account into a personal bank account held by her in her own name. She uses the funds to finalise some outstanding personal debts. Situation 2. As a director she receives information that the company is in a serious financial position. She arranges to transfer a larger amount of the assets of the company over a new proprietary company that she formed with the intention of caring on the same business. Situation 3. Contrary to a resolution of the Board and notwithstanding established business practice that limits credit to $20,000 she allows a trade debtor (who has a history of bad debts) to exceed its credit limits by $25,000. The debtor fails to pay the outstanding amount of $45,000. Can she rely on the business judgment rule in this situation? Answer: 1. In the present case, while 89.5% of the shares in Satin Co. Ltd. are being controlled by Cotton Ltd and the rest of the shares of the company are held by Silk and some other small investors. Now the board of Satin Co wants to make the company a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cotton. The purpose behind this move is expected tax benefits and also a saving in administration charges and accounting fee worth $230,000. An offer was made by Cotton Ltd to purchase the shares of the minority shareholders however they refused the offered. As a result, the majority decided to pass a resolution and change the constitution of the company with a view to insert a new clause number 53 according to which any member who has more than 80% shares of the company will have the power to compulsorily acquired the rest of the shares. The question that needs to be decided in this case is if the conduct amounts to oppressive conduct and what are the remedies that are available to Silk and other minority shareho lders of Satin Co Ltd.; The Corporations Act, 2001 (Cth) provides a number of rights to the shareholders. In this regard, a distinction has also been made between majority and the minority shareholders of the company. The reason is that some extra rights and remedies have been provided to the minority shareholders because it is considered that the position of the minority shareholders in the company is vulnerable. Among the remedies provided to the minority shareholders, there are the remedies of minority oppression, injunction, winding up order and statutory derivative action. Section 232, Corporations Act, 2001 provides a remedy for minority oppression. However, the shareholders also have certain personal rights, apart from these remedies that can also be pursued by them. On the other hand, the purpose of the remedy for minority oppression is to provide the minority shareholders of the company with an enforceable remedy against any prejudicial conduct to the interest of these shareholders. Oppressive cond uct, in context of shareholder remedies can be described as the conduct that is prejudicial or unfair towards the minority shareholders. A number of remedies have been provided to the minority shareholders in case these shareholders are facing oppressive conduct by the majority. It needs to be noted in this regard that the oppressive conduct includes any modification made in the Constitution of the company by the majority. Similarly, other examples of oppressive conduct can be the purchasing of the shares of the members, injunction, appointment of manager or receiver, regulating the affairs of the company and a winding up order. In the present case also, the board of Satin has decided to amend the Constitution of the company and introduce a clause according to which, any person who has 80% or more shares of the company will have the power to compulsorily acquire the shares of other minority shareholders. In view of the above discussion, it can be said that the above-mentioned statutory remedies can be used by the minority shareholders in case the rights of these shareholders are being infringed. The purpose of providing the statutory remedies to the minority shareholders is to overcome the problems that were related with common law. In case of the oppression remedy, relief can be sought by the minority shareholders of the company against the persons controlling the company. In this way, the directors of the company and the majority shareholders as well as the company itself can also be included in such persons against whom the minority shareholders can seek a remedy in case of oppression. This remedy can be used by the minority shareholders for any issue related with the way the affairs of the company are being conducted and also regarding any proposed or real act or omission or in case of a resolution or proposed a resolution that has been made by the majority shareholders of the co mpany and when such conduct can be considered as oppressive or is prejudicial to the minority shareholders or discriminates against them. As a result of the above said discussion, it can be said that Silk and other minorities shareholders of Satin Co Ltd can be prejudicially affected by the conduct of the majority in Satin Co with the introduction of a new clause in the Constitution of the company which gives the power to the party holding the majority shares to compulsorily acquire the shares of other members. The reason is that in such a case, the minority shareholders of Satin Co., including Silk can claim to be facing oppressive conduct. As a result the remedy for minority oppression that has been provided by the Corporations Act can be availed by these shareholders including Silk and as a result, it can be said that in this case Silk may be successful in action against the majority shareholders of Satin Co. however if it is found that Silk is operating a business that is in direct competition with Satin Co and Silk had been using the information that she received as a member of Satin Co to take away some business of Satin, the remedy may not be available to Silk. 2. A number of duties have been imposed on the directors. These duties have been imposed by the common law and also by the Corporations Act, 2001. The duties imposed by the common law includes the duty of care and diligence, to a bona fide, the duty not to act for improper purpose, duty to retain discretion, duty to avoid conflicts of interest and duty of the directors not to abuse corporate opportunities. At the same time, there are certain statutory duties of the directors that have been prescribed by the Corporations Act. These duties include the duty of good faith, duty of care and diligence including the business judgment rule, duty not to trade while insolvent, not to make improper use of information, not to make improper use of the position of the directors and certain other duties related with financial reporting. These duties need to be applied to the below mentioned situations in order to decide if the duties prescribed by the corporations act have been breached in this cas e or not. Situation 1 the Act provides that the directors should not use their position for an improper purpose. In this regard, improper purpose can include receiving an advantage by the director or defeating the voting power of the shareholders of the company by creating new majority. In this regard, an objective test needs to be applied in order to decide if the director has used his or her power for an improper purpose or not. For example, in case money has been borrowed, the substantiality of the alleged need to borrow money can be considered. Similarly if the power of the director has been used for an improper purpose, the company can declare such an action as being void. Section 181 of the Act prescribes the duty of good faith that needs to be followed by the directors.[11] In the present case, it can be said that as a director of Style Pty Ltd., Polyester has breached her duty as the director of the company when she arranged a transfer of $65,000 from the account of the company to a personal accou nt and used this money for dealing with some personal debt. Situation 2 The Act also prescribes the duty of the directors according to which they should not make improper use of their position. Therefore, the position of the director should not be used improperly with a view to gain advantage or to cause a detriment to the company. Therefore a director can be considered as liable for the breach of this duty that has been prescribed by s182 of the Act in case the director of the company is involved in conduct with a view to obtain improper advantage.[12] In this regard, it is immaterial if such advantage has taken place in reality or not.[13] Therefore when the director knows the unstable financial condition of the company and continues to act in this way, it can be considered that the duty prescribed by s182 has been breached by the director. Therefore in the present case, it can be said that Polyester has breached her statutory duty to act in good faith and in the interests of the company. Situation 3 The Corporations Act also imposes a duty on the directors and other officers of the company got into which they should exercise the powers and discharge the duties with care and diligence. This duty has been prescribed by section 180 of the Act. The care and diligence that the directors should exercise should be of the same level as would have been exercised by any other reasonable person. Therefore it is the duty of the directors to satisfy the duty of care and diligence that has been imposed by them on the statute while exercising a particular business judgment. However in order to avail the defense provided by the business judgment rule, it is required that the judgment should be exercised in good faith, director should not have any personal interest in its subject matter and at the same time, the director should inform himself or herself regarding the subject matter of such judgment to the extent that is considered appropriate and at the same time, it must be rationally believed by the director that the business judgment is in the best interests of the company. As the above mentioned the conditions do not appear to be fulfilled in the present case, Polyester cannot use the defense provided by the business judgment rule and she can be held liable for breach of her statutory duty. References Baxt, R., and Fletcher, K.L., Fridman, S., 2008. Corporations and Associations Cases and Materials on, Butterworths, Australia, 10th edition Ciro T, Symes C, 2009. Corporations Law in Principle LBC Thomson Reuters, Sydney, 8th edition Davenport, S and Parker D, 2012, Business and Law in Australia, Thomson Reuters Fitzpatrick, Synes, Veljanovski, Parker, 2011. Business and Corporations Law; LexisNexis 1st edition Hanrahan, P., Ramsay I., Stapledon G., 2010, Commercial Applications of Company Law, CCH 11th edition Pentony, Graw, Lennard Parker, 2011, Understanding Business Law 4th ed Butterworths. Case Law Allen v Gold Reefs of West Africa Ltd (1900) 1 Ch 656 Australian Trade Commission v WA Meat Exports Pty Ltd (1987) 11 ALD 52 AWA Ltd v Daniels (1992) 7 ACSR 759 Gambotto v WCP Ltd (1995) 13 ACLC 342 Granby Pty Ltd v FCT (1995) 129 ALR 503 R v Byrnes (1995) 130 ALR 529 Statewide Tobacco Services Ltd v Morley (1990) 2 ACSR 405 Wayde v Rugby League Ltd (1985) 3 ACLC 799 Answer:

The Passionate Shepherd to His Love by Christopher Marlowe and To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell Essay Example For Students

The Passionate Shepherd to His Love by Christopher Marlowe and To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell Essay Both The Passionate Shepherd and To His Coy Mistress are dramatic monologues representing the voice of a gentleman and they are both arguments trying to win the favour of a lady. However, Christopher Marlowe has written his poem in a simple verse form of rhyming quatrains, where as Marvell writes in a more sophisticated form of tetrameters to quicken the pace and give a sense of urgency to the gentlemans persuasion. The gentlemans argument is then presented in the form of a syllogism. The poems both have a similar ploy; they are both trying to lure a lady into a life of love. However the speakers about this in different ways. We will write a custom essay on The Passionate Shepherd to His Love by Christopher Marlowe and To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Marlowes vision of love in A Passionate Shepherd is very sweet, charming and delightful whereas in contrast Marvells vision in To His Coy Mistress is one of darkness, urgency and insistence. Marlowes world is timeless; the lovers have endless leisure together in the season of May. Nothing ever changes and the seasons never move on. Love is sweet and innocent and there is no mention to the physical side of the relationship. Marlowes poem is very idealistic and is written in the pastoral form. The scene that he has created is filled with appealing images of flowers and pretty clothes, it is charming and innocent. On the other hand Marvells world is time ridden. He first presents a courtship where time stands still, like a fantasy. Then in the next part of his argument he brings the lady back to reality where time moves fast and so they have to seize their opportunities for love in the manner of carpe diem. He presents an image of time as a winged chariot bearing down upon them. Marvells love is much more realistic and adult; his gentlemans speaker is very suggestive of a physical relationship. The Passionate Shepherd to His Love by Christopher Marlowe The Passionate Shepherd to His Love represents the voice of a simple shepherd and is written in the pastoral style, which was very popular in the 16th century. By adopting the voice of a shepherd addressing the lady directly using first and second person, the poet casts the reader into the role of the lady. The shepherd is apparently wooing us as the audience. The poet is urging the lady to share a life of love and of happiness with him. The speaker presents a very unrealistic vision of an idyllic life in the English countryside. Through stanzas 2-6 the shepherd claims that if the lady were to live with him she would enjoy a life of luxury. She would gain peace by sitting upon the rocks and listening to birds singing madrigals. Any one who lives in the countryside would know that it would be impossible to make birds sing in chorus and in perfect harmony with each other. Marlowe exaggerates the pleasures of country life to make them seem a lot more appealing to the lady. Usually you would find roses in the countryside but he presents them to her as beds of roses and a thousand fragrant posies. However, if he were a shepherd he would not have the time to collect such quantities of flowers; the promise is very unrealistic. The shepherd presents many materialistic luxuries for the lady to enjoy including a cap of flowers and a gown and a kirtle. The gown is embroidered all with leaves of myrtle and the kirtle is made of the finest wool. Fair lined slippers with buckles of the purest gold are also offered, as well as, A belt of straw and ivy buds With coral clasps and amber studs The exaggeration here and lack of realism are so obvious that Marlowe seems to be mocking the pastoral form. We see the same lack of realism in other gifts offered by the shepherd: gold buckles. The shepherd builds an appealing fantasy for the lady. Marlowes shepherd appeals to four of the ladys five senses when trying to win her over. He promises the lady, she will be able to listen to melodious birds sing madrigals and then says she will be able to see the shepherd swains sing and dance together. His use of alliteration also emphasises this image of delightful sounds when he repeats the m in madrigals and melodious. He repeats this alliteration throughout the whole of the poem to emphasise all of his charming fantasy and the lack of realism also continues throughout the whole poem. There is no reference to the cold or the winter, just the summer and the beauty of the spring is mentioned. The shepherd offers to the lady a timeless world where it is always May. There is always leisur e and time to watch The shepherds swains sing and dance For thy delight in each May morning. The seasons never change, it is a charming fantasy. However, Marlowe does create some of an illusion of realism through craggy mountains and fair-lined slippers for the cold but most of the pleasures to the lady are exaggerated and unrealistic. Most of the gifts he offers arent possible because either no shepherd would be able to afford them or he wouldnt have time to find and/or gather them. The way in which Marlowe describes the shepherds pastoral world is very well done with carefully chosen adjectives: purest gold, finest wool, melodious birds. With this Marlowe creates a picture of impossible sweetness, a charming rural idyll. The shepherds voice becomes increasingly consistent, urgent as he persuades the lady three times. He first presents her with the idea to come live with me and be my love, after this he bribes her with gifts and the promise of a safe and luxurious life. At the end of the 5th stanza he then again proposes that she come live with me and be my love. Then in th e final verse he concludes by saying that if the lady likes the bribes that he has to offer, she should live with him and share a life of love .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb , .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb .postImageUrl , .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb , .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb:hover , .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb:visited , .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb:active { border:0!important; } .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb:active , .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Yeats as a modern poet EssayIf these delights my mind may move Then live with me and be my love. He clinches his argument in the final line. Sir Walter Raleighs reply to The Passionate Shepherd to His Love appropriately entitled The Nymphs Reply to the Shepherd matches the structure and verse form of Marlowes original poem exactly. The speaker in Raleighs poem has taken the role of a nymph, she speaks in response to the shepherd and so the reader gives her the role of the lady from Marlowes original poem. The nymph indicates that she wont be persuaded because she is sceptical that his ideal could ever exist. She also doubts whether the shepherd is telling her the truth. If all the world and love were young And truth is in every shepherds tongue She rejects the shepherds many offers mainly because she rejects his timeless world. She knows that time will change everything; she believes winter will come and then no-one will be able to sit on rocks and listen to bird song. Time drives the flocks from field to fold When rivers rage and rocks grow cold Raleighs nymph considers each of the shepherds gifts and promises. She declares that time will wither or ruin them all. None of the gifts would be fit to last The flowers do fade, and wanton fields To wayward winter yields; The gifts are a pretty but impossible fiction. Just as The Passionate Shepherd urges the lady three times, Raleighs nymph considers ad rejects his offer three times, in the first, the penultimate and the final stanzas. Her rejection is very emphatic in the penultimate stanza. All these in me no means can move To come to thee and be thy love The mood and tone of the nymph changes in the final stanza, there is a note of sadness and regret. She recognises the sweetness and almost pleading of the shepherds fantasy. However, she realises that reality is still there and that it is so much harsher. But could youth last and love still breed Had joys no date nor age no need, To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell Like Marlowe, Marvell in To his coy mistress adopts the persuasive voice of a lover urging his lady to be with him. Both poems are written in the view of a gentleman speaker and both are arguments, convincing a lady to spend time with them and love them. However, in contrast to Marlowes poem, Marvells writing style is much more sophisticated. Marvells poem is a syllogism and is written in rhyming tetrameters. The speaker urges his mistress throughout the poem to surrender herself to him and love without delay. The arguments first of three parts presents a perfect timeless world for the lady. The gentleman started by introducing a charming and delightful fantasy by flattering her. He considers a timeless world, starting with a condition Had we but world enough, and time This coyness lady were no crime. He explains that if they were to live in this appealing world that he has created, her reluctance would present no problem. He considers what they would do, if they had endless time for an everlasting courtship. They would not have to hurry their relationship and they could have a life of luxury together in an exotic place like India. Thou by the Indian Ganges side Shouldst rubies find: Marvell presents this image of the lady collecting rubies to tempt her into a life with him, much like Marlowes shepherd bribed his lady with gifts. Marvells speaker then goes on to amuse the lady by placing himself in a much more mundane landscape. He claims he would be lamenting his love by a river in Hull. Similarly to Marlowes over exaggeration, Marvell includes a hyperbole by declaring the he would court her until the end of time, this is a very extravagant image. However in contrast to Marlowes innocence and charm the speaker in Marvells poem goes on to admire the lady with sexual suggestion and again hyperbole when flattering her by saying he would admire her eyes for an exaggerated 100 years but then he also says he would spend much longer on her breasts .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c , .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c .postImageUrl , .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c , .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c:hover , .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c:visited , .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c:active { border:0!important; } .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c:active , .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Discuss the importance of the ideas of roots EssayTwo hundred to adore each breast, The gentleman speaker is again suggestive of a physical relationship when presenting an image of vegetable growth which would grow vaster than empires. An apparently flattering image of love is made mischievous through being combined with an image of organic growth. He continues to flatter her by saying she deserves such a long and stately courtship. The speaker ends the first part of his argument by saying that this is what he would wish to do. However the use of the conditional would reminds us that is all a fantasy. Most similarities to Marlowes shepherd now fall away as Marvells gentleman proceeds into the second stage of his argument. The elaborate flattery of the lady stops for a while and suddenly the mood of the poem turns grim and sinister. The speaker introduces reality and shows that the fantasy does not exist when he threatens the lady with death But at back I always hear Times winged chariot hurrying near: The gentlemans presents an image of time bearing down upon the lady, catching up with her and time will bring her too her death. The speaker threatens her by forcing her to realise that no-one can see her beauty when she is underground, no-one will be able to sing to her and her chastity which she has tried to preserve will be taken by the worms. then worms shall try That long preservd Virginity Marvell uses a very ironic and suggestive tone. The playful ironic tone then changes when the speaker grimly reminds her of a funeral by echoing the words of a funeral service. And your quaint honour turn to dust; And into ashes all my lust He says that the honour which she has tried to preserve will turn to dust when her body does and so with it, so will his lust and desire for her. He makes a final ironic comment about the ladys privacy explaining that the grave is a very private place if that is what she wants but there will be no-one to embrace you there. The graves a fine and private place But none I think do there embrace The final section of the poem is the proof of the argument. The poet first displayed to us a fantasy world of impossible endless time and the contrasted this with the harsher truer reality. This argument presents his solution that they should now enter a physical relationship without delay. The speaker calls it a sport that they should enjoy. The elaborate flattery now continues Now therefore while the youthful hue, Sits on the skin like morning dew He suggests she should experience love while her skin is still young, fresh and exquisite. This idea is then contrasted with the image that her skin is on fire, filled with a young passion and they both shouldnt let this passion burn out. In contrast to Marlowes poem, Marvells speaker repeats the word now frequently towards the end showing his urgency. The gentleman represents an image of iron gates and he urges the lady that she should be ready to tear the pleasures through the iron gates of a harsh life. She needs to be vigorous and active. Finally, the gentleman speaker adds a last playful ironic comment. He mocks the idea that lovers can make time stand still. However, he suggests to the lady that through their love they can make time speed up as they live life to the full and get the most out of every minute in the form of carpe diem. Marlowes ad Marvells poems both focus on time. However, Marlowes poem is timeless. It centres on a world that is endless, it is full of luxury and you can live in happiness for eternity. Marvells poem starts off with a fantasy much the same but this jus to later contrast with the main feature of dark urgency to the rest of the poem. Marvells poem has images where time is catching up with you can you have to act fast to enjoy things while you can. Both poems also focus strongly on love. They are both persistent in luring a lady to fall in love with them. Marlowes poem is innocent and sweet; the poet uses gifts and charming scenery and sounds to bribe the lady into loving the gentleman whereas in Marvells poem the love is more urgent and passionate. The love in Marvells poem is more adult and more suggestive of a physical relationship. Marlowes style and language is much simpler but Marvells style is sophisticated and the language he uses much more elaborate and complex. Marlowes poem is delightful and brighter, Marvells poem is deeper and more insistent.

DEFINITION OF A STAKEHOLDER Essays - Ethics, Applied Ethics

DEFINITION OF A STAKEHOLDER Essays - Ethics, Applied Ethics DEFINITION OF A STAKEHOLDER Sparked by the labor movement, the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has only been in existence since the 1950's. Society began to expect companies to accept additional social responsibilities outside of the fundamental business functi ons, including being profitable. Starting in the 1960's and 1970's, the civil rights movement and environmental protection agencies influenced the way consumers looked at businesses. Consumers believed that those with great power also had great responsibility to positively influence people, the environment, and society. Businesses were called on to help solve global problems, aimed at making the world a cleaner, safer, and more productive place. This view was based on the concept that businesses should extend beyond their required economic and legal responsibilities to accept ethical, moral, and discretionary responsibilities in order to improve society. This view became the foundation for what we know in today's business world as Corporate Social Responsibility. In order to completely understand the context of Corporate Social Responsibility, you must first understand the role of stakeholders for an organization. The next section will describe the role of stakeholders. There are several definitions. The most common ones are: Those groups without whose support the or ganization would cease to exist. Any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement o f the organization's objectives. T he individuals or groups that have an interest in the organization and are affected by its actions . Stakeholders can: a ffect a business , b e affected by a business , b e both affected by a business and affect a business . We can see from these definitions that a lot of people can be a stakeholder to an organisation . The most common groups who we consider to be stakeholders include: Managers Employees Customers Investors Shareholders Suppliers Board of directors Owners Government agencies Unions Political groups The media and others Then there are some more generic groups who are often included: Government Society at large The local community Within the broad spectrum of stakeholders, stakeholders can be broken into two different groups: primary stakeholders and secondary stakeholders. Primary stakeholders have a vested interest in how the organization performs and the actions it engages in to conduct business. Examples of these types of stakeholders are customers, employees, suppliers, board of directors, owners, and shareholders . Primary stakeholders directly affect the success and failure of the company. Secondary stakeholders can influence, both positively and negatively, the actions of the organization. They indirectly affect the organization by taking actions to make it difficult for the organization to succeed or by supporting the organization's efforts. Examples of secondary stakeholders are government agencies, regulation agencies, trade unions, labor unions, political groups, social groups, and the media . One of the primary functions of a business is to serve the needs of its stakeholders, also known as stakeholder responsibility. However, more and more businesses are taking this responsibility one step further by seeking out ways to address global issues to ultimately make the world a better place. These actions are referred to as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Many people consider that only people can be stakeholders to an organisation . Some people extend this and say that the environment can be affected by organisational activity. These effects of the organisation's activities can take many forms, such as: the utilisation of natural resources as a part of its production processes the effects of competition between itself and other organisations in the same market the enrichment of a local community through the creation of employment opportunities transformation of the landscape due to raw material extraction or waste product storage the distribution of wealth created within the firm to the owners of that firm (via dividends) and the workers of that firm (through wages) and the effect of this upon the welfare of individuals pollution caused by increased volumes of traffic and in creased journey times because of those increased volumes of traffic Thus many people also consider that there is and additional stakeholder to an organisation , namely: t he environment . As we will see in the next chapter the actions of an organisation have a big effect upon future possibilities. It

Business strategy, researching tesco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business strategy, researching tesco - Essay Example It is clear that the high standards set by those in leadership and management positions at Tesco have tremendously contributed to the company’s success. The company’s ‘Every Little Helps’ philosophy ensures that its customers, the community, and company employees form an integral part of its operations. 1.1 Company Core Values and Objectives The most outstanding values of the company are its commitment to providing high standards of service and quality products to its customers by being a responsible retailer. The company continues to offer a great shopping experience to its customers who shop online or it its many other service provisions. This is manifest in the company’s desired future strategic position of reaching zero-carbon operations by the year 2050. In order to do so, the company opened the initial zero-carbon hypermarket in Ramsey in 2010, which led to Tesco winning the tribute as the Green Retailer of the Year in 2012. The continued succe ss the giant retailer enjoys depends on the reassessment and formulation of business strategies in order to remain competitive and increase profitability (David, 2011). Tesco aspires to improve customer loyalty and its core UK business base through various programs such as the club card program introduced in 1995 and is currently the most popular card in the UK. The company also continues to develop various strategies aimed at improving competitiveness and such strategies are mainly driven by price, quality, range of products and innovation. This paper examines corporate strategies at Tesco, the reasons informing each component, how vision and company values interrelate to make the strategies successful, and finally draws on a conclusion on the best alternative strategies that the company can adopt by giving recommendations based on the evaluation. 2.0 Tesco’s Corporate Strategic Position Over the years since it started operations, Tesco has developed a firm and deeply rooted strategy for growth, which is mainly focused on reinforcing the company’s core UK business operations and growth thrust in new markets. The primary tenet of the giant retailer’s strategy, formulated in 1997, encompasses the expansion of scope of operations that allows delivery of a robust and sustained long-term growth. To realize such an expansion of scope of business operations, Tesco constantly pursues existing customers with the aim of introducing them to various other Tesco products and services such as non-food, telecommunications, and financial services. Tesco’s business strategy is based on five principles including desire to remain successful in its global retail business while at the same time developing its core UK business. The company also aims to sustain its business strength both in the food and non-food sectors. Moreover, the company develops strategies that will enhance expansion of other retailing and financial services, and place its customer s and communities at the heart of its operations. 2.1 Customer Loyalty Despite the fact that Tesco Clubcard was introduced to the customers in 1995, there has been a higher degree of data collection especially over the last decade manly due to the company’s embracement of technological advances. Currently, the card can collect essential information

Marketing Communications in Tourism & Leisure Industry Essay

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Development finance and funding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Development finance and funding - Essay Example if not irrational housing underwriting, increased unemployment and retrenchments, reduced compensation, a high price correction, tax credit for first time home buyers, rising foreclosures, decline of appraisal quality, expanded market times and a number of other challenges (Yudelson, 2009, p.45). The increased level of sales in the latter half of 2009 was encouraging; a recovery in housing department was later attained in 2012 by an increased employment rates and greater consumer access to credit. The number of sales jumped as inventory declined. The co-op sales in 2008 increased at an incredible rate of 28.3%. This level of sales is more than 3 times of the first quarter of 2009 which is considered then low point of market activity tipping in the fall of 2008. There is a consistency with the 10 year quarterly amount. The diminishing in the level of inventory in the market is attributed to the robust level of sales in the last quarter of 2009. The monthly absorption rate fell to 7.3 months due to the higher number of sales and lower inventory. The fourth quarter of 2009 represented 51.1% of all apartment sales which was an increase from 43.2 in the previous year (Miller, Spivey, & Florance, 2008, p.51). This represents a significant change for the same period a decade ago when the market shares of co-op sales were way below that. Of the total c-op stock, 97.3% were considered resale listings and 2.7% comprised of new development of condo-ops apartments with condo rules. These sales have led to a steady development of commercial property in the Manhattan region (Abbey & Richards, 2009, p.23). The increase in the number of market days as listing discount jumped. The average days on market was 151 days a decrease from the previous 152 days in 2008. Listing discount continued to increase reaching a mark of 18.3% as compared to 4.5% in the previous year. The combination of increasing number of sales and decreasing inventory suggested that the amount of remaining

Individual vs. Society in Daisy Miller and Old Woman Magoun :: comparison compare contrast essays

Individual vs. Society in Daisy Miller and Old Woman Henry James’ "Daisy Miller, A Study" and Mary Wilkins Freeman’s "Old Woman Magoun" contain morally ambiguous conflicts between individuals and society. Both of these short stories are tales in which strong, individual women directly conflict with their respective destructive male societies, attempting to uphold innocence while flouting societal rules and expectations. Freeman and James both construct strong female individuals in different guises. Freeman’s Old Woman Magoun is old, wise, and practiced in the art cooking and child-rearing, embracing a traditional feminine role and drawing power from it. She practises this art because it is her right, and, passive-aggressively, she uses her cooking lore to kill Lily, removing innocence from the world. Quite on the other side of the spectrum we have James’ Daisy: young, innocent, practised only in the art of flirting, yet drawing her powerful independence from the practise of this non-traditional feminine art. She is allowed to practise her art, but only for a while. Daisy dies of an attack of Roman Fever contracted at the Colosseum; more symbolically, her innocence is lost from society when her character is crucified on a cross of social propriety. Men and men’s desires represent societal aims in both stories. Freeman’s men are Nelson Barry and Jim Willis, both are members of old, highly placed, "degenerate" (179) American families. Their goal is to steal Lily from Old Woman Magoun and force her into a traditional societal role to satisfy their own ends, no matter that this will destroy Lily’s innocence. Barry desires "to have that girl" (184) for financial comfort; Willis desires her for more traditional domestic comfort. James embodies society in Mr. Winterbourne, a socially accepted young American who has "lived too long in foreign parts" (492). Winterbourne desires for Daisy to enter into and conform with society to satisfy his own ends, as well. He desires mental and emotional comfort: to judge her "eccentricities" (486) innocent, and that she "would flirt with me, and me only" (482). Each individual’s conflict with society is resolved in different ways and in difficult lights. Magoun directly flouts society’s rules by committing infanticide, effectively removing purity from the destructive intents of male society. Yet her actions pose a question of morality to Freeman’s audience. Was Lily’s death justified? Meanwhile, the men are left comfortless and alone. Magoun, however, is also comfortless and alone, depriving herself of Lily’s innocence to save it.

Nestle Case Study

NESTLE CASE STUDY With reference to the Nestle case study, provide one example which clearly illustrates a link between topics or concepts drawn from at least two pre-requisite modules. The Nestle case study provides a number of examples which illustrate links between Strategic management, Methods of Enquiry and Accounting for decision making concepts. Nestle is one of the oldest of all multinational business. Nowadays, Nestle is one of the biggest food and nutrition companies in 86 countries in the world. Hill, 2009 pp). Nestle was involved with a range of acquisitions in the last years in order to extend its line of products and try to expand on a geographical scale. Since its sales are reducing in developed markets, Nestle has the opportunity to expand business in up and coming countries, which is going to generate more profit for the company. Up and coming countries is one sector that Nestle is going to invest money in because it has the potential to be a strong and attractive ma rket.Nestle feels confident in doing so because in such countries population economy and technology has experienced a rapid growth. (Datamonitor, 2006). Nestles long-term strategy is to identify the quickly expanding countries first and get into the market as soon as possible in order to take advantage of other competitors. However, it first has to hold the leading position in the developed markets where it is currently placed. Also Nestle has to hire local managers and staff in the developing markets that understand the local market dynamic and culture.As explained above there is a link between Nestle’s strategy and the Strategic management, because companies employ managers from respective countries in the local companies due to the fact that they understand the local market dynamics. By hiring local manager they can take advantage of the local knowledge and own culture of the country. FIGURE 1 Figure 1 Source: Own diagram It is a huge advantage that Nestle works with local managers in fast rising emerging countries. As a result, Nestle will have quick results which lead to quick profits.As we can see in FIGURE 1 above, Nestle is closely related to the Strategic management module because companies will have a range of research(reports) on fast growing countries. Therefore, they will have the ability to balance the services they are able to provide (food, cereals, coffee, chocolate, drinks, ice cream, etc) (Nestle 2011), with the price that customers are willing to pay. For example, if people cannot afford the Nestle products then they will not expand in such countries but focus their attention and invest in countries where people are able to buy their products.Also, Nestle is connected with methods of enquiry with Emerging markets. Companies will have less space to roam around and make decision considering that much of their movements are controlled by the market reaction. This means that emerging markets are countries with social or business activiti es in the process of rapid growth and industrialization. The Nestle case study as clearly explained above illustrates a good link with the Strategic Management/Methods of Enquiry and the Market dynamic/Emerging markets respectively. Does it make sense for Nestle to focus its growth efforts on emerging markets? Why?The recent financial crisis that reverberated throughout the globe was a clear indicator of the interdependence and the codependence that globalization has created while simultaneously making it clear to everyone that the emerging economies, especially those that make up BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) are more resilient than western economies, thus making them engines of growth that have helped the recovery effort in the last few years. Therefore from that point of view alone it can be stated that yes, Nestle’s strategy to focus its growth efforts in developing or emerging markets is indeed a sound one.However this does not mean that the ability of these mar kets to recover faster than the western economies should bebe sole reason for such a decision. Rather there are many more and varying reasons that need to be taken into consideration. The onset of globalization for one thing has helped uplift the living standards of many in China and India and millions of families have climbed out of poverty and are able to aspire to better life styles and a better standard of living, thus creating new markets companies like Nestle (Latshaw and Choi, 2002, pp. 7). Next as has been stated in the case study, the number of individuals who can be considered as middle class in these two economies alone will exceed 700 million in the coming decade, which is more than the entire population of 500 million in the European region or the 300 million in the United States, thus making this a very lucrative market for Nestle and one that needs to be exploited with immediate effect (Crook, Bratton, Street & Ketchen, 2006, pp. 09 – 412). Besides the above Ne stle as a multi national company has a decentralised structure and has often emphasised the need for attracting, recruiting and selecting host country nationals to be employed in its’ manufacturing plants across the world and this again is a very strategic and wise decision (Cesnovar, 2006, pp. 227 – 229).By decreasing unemployment rates, being socially responsible corporate citizen and helping to uplift the standard of living in these regions of the world, the company is earning the respect of the population, which can soon be converted to public relations win, thus it can be stated that this strategy makes immense sense at the present time (Mclean, 2006, pp. 36).Last but not least it should also be stated that by gaining ‘first mover advantage’ of providing basic food stuffs through which brand loyalty is created the company stands to gain much as most consumers will not switch to other brands but rather decide to stick with the trusted brand even when t hey are ready to move to the more upscale and upmarket products that are provided by the company (Gratton, Hailey, Stiles & Truss, 1999).Therefore it can be stated that from every point of view, whether it is as a consumer products manufacturer or an employer, Nestle stands to gain much through this growth strategy of focusing on emerging markets. What is the company's strategy with regard to business development in emerging markets- Does this strategy make sense- From an organizational perspective, what is required for this strategy to work effectively?As is clear from the information that has been provided in the case study, Nestle uses a variety of different strategies to develop its business activities and markets in the emerging markets. While many maybe of the opinion that only one or two strategies should be used in order to ensure that synergies of scale are gained and that there is consistency across the operations, such a customization of strategy to meet the specific need s of an economy is highly commendable (Marshall, Smith & Buxton, 2009, pp. 4 – 18). For instance in countries like India and China, Nestle has entered the market by providing low cost brand name basic food stuff like condensed milk and infant formula, in doing so the company has also located its manufacturing plants within the countries and the regions, employed host country nationals and helped uplift their living standards.Thus not only has the company provided them with a livelihood by employing them and purchasing local produce from local farmers and businessman, but in doing so has also created loyalty to its brand, which is something priceless (Karake-Shalhoub, 1999). As the living standards and the income levels of these individuals and entrepreneurs increase, they will no doubt continue to be loyal to the Nestle brand and purchase the more upscale and products that are sold by the company, when they are ready to move from basic food stuffs to more branded and upscale foods stuffs like cookies and chocolate.Likewise another strategy that is being used by the company is to enter markets like Nigeria and China and invest in basic infrastructure to ensure smooth distribution channels, while many may see this as a waste, in the long run, the company has gained a strong foothold in the marketplace, created job opportunities and further increased the visibility of its brand nd thus increased entry barriers for the competition (Sims, 2003), thus it can be stated that this is indeed a very good business development strategy that is being followed by the company at the present time. From an organisational perspective for an a strategy to work effectively it is necessary to ensure that the strategy is developed in such a manner that it would fit the market needs and help the company to gain a comparative advantage (Oladunjoye & Onyeaso, 2007, pp. 92 – 598). Based on everything that has been stated above and the manner in which Nestle’s is cur rently operating in China, India, Africa, the Middle East and Eastern Europe, it is clear that the company has adopted many different successful strategies that are helping it to gain a competitive edge in these markets while continuing to benefit from the ‘first mover’ advantage that it has created for itself. Through research on NESTLE, identify appropriate performance indicators.Once you have gathered relevant data on these, undertake a performance analysis of the company over the last five years. What does the analysis tell you about the success or otherwise of the strategy adopted by the company? An analysis of Nestle’s performance indicates that the Company has been able to improve its performance over the years. The sales of the Company reached a record of US $73 billion, and growth in profits was 20. 7% in 2005. In 2005, Europe amounted to 30% of sales, Americas 34%, and Asia, Oceania and Africa 17% of the sales.Nestle is aware that it need to adjust its offering if it is to reach its target of 5-6% growth per year. (Country Monitor, 2006). Public Image – In a world that is becoming increasingly complex, consumer needs and wants continue to become more sophisticated on a daily basis. Unlike in the past when companies could simply mass produce and sell products to the end user, today, consumers are demanding more not only in terms of pricing and quality but also in terms of corporate social responsibility.Therefore it is necessary for Nestle to continuously monitor and manage its public image and it is also very important from a strategic perspective that the company is seen as a socially responsible corporate citizen (Niederhut-Bollmann & Theuvsen, 2008, 63 – 68). Compared to many other multi national companies, Nestle’s has not earned the public ire for being irresponsible socially, however as the global slave trade for chocolate manufacturers comes to light it is essential that Nestle’s looks at ways an d means to ensure that it is not ensnared in such a public relations nightmare.Sales Growth – This is a very important performance indicators and should give the company a sense of its successes and failures in terms of strategy. Currently the company has been doing very well on this front and should carefully monitor the external and the internal environments for any factors that may pose a threat to its continued success in this area (Roberts, 2001, pp, 25 – 28). Following a growth strategy in emerging markets is actually a very good strategy that has paid off and continues to pay off, however this does not mean that the company can afford to be laid back on this score.Market Share – By gaining ‘first mover advantage’ the company has been able to gain and retain its market share through the years, however it is also necessary that the company continues to learn from its past mistakes in Japan and other countries, where it did not take the competit ion seriously and therefore has lost much in terms of market share that it could otherwise have gained (Odagiri, 1992).Blue Ocean Strategies – As markets continue to mature and other markets continue to develop it is imperative that the company focuses its attention on research and development and creates ‘blue oceans’ in order to find new markets (Gubman, 2004, pp. 13). This is something that Nestle is currently lagging at and needs to pay particular attention to with immediate effect.Based on everything that has been stated above it is therefore clear that while the company does excel in areas such as managing its public image and sales growth, there is much more improvement needed to be made in the search for innovative market strategies that will help force it to success in the future. How would you describe Nestle's strategic posture at the corporate level; is it pursuing a global strategy, a multidomestic strategy an international strategy or a transnationa l strategy? Figure 2 – Which Structure to Choose? Source: http://www. wiziq. com/tutorial/380-International-StrategyIllustrated above is a depiction of the different corporate level strategies that can be adopted by multi national companies the world over. Such strategy is often chosen on the degree of need for global integration and local market responsiveness (Kaplan and Norton, 2001, pp. 87). Based on the information that has been provided in the case study it is clear that Nestle is a company that need to gain a high level of local market responsiveness due to the variety of different business development related strategies that is pursuing in different parts of the world.For instance while in the Middle East it has entered the markets by building five different lines of products that it hopes will be distributed across the region as trade barriers fall, in countries like China and India, it is pursuing a different strategy of meeting the basic food needs of the populatio n with items such as infant formula and condensed milk. It is the intention of the company in these markets that once standards of living increase, they can leave these Niche markets and provide consumers with more upscale and upmarket products like chocolates and cookies.Further it can also be stated that as a company with only 1% of its revenue being earned in the home country and 8000 different brands, global integration is a must (Lowson, 2002). Therefore it is the opinion of the writer that Nestle need to choose between the multi domestic strategy and a transnational strategy and not swing from one to another, because doing so would only result in the company loosing focus of its final aim, which is to be a global consumer food products leader (George, 2007, pp. 6 – 71). Based on the information that has been provided in the case study it is the opinion of the writer that Nestle’s should choose a transnational strategy because it balances both the global integrati on needs of the company and the local market responsiveness that is necessary to ensure that the company’s products will be competitive and continue to meet the needs of the local population in the emerging markets that it is operating in (Marks, 2005, pp. 1).While many maybe of the opinion that the company should continue to pursue its multi domestic strategy as it has worked well for it in the past, the changing needs of the global environment and the development taking place in the emerging markets make it necessary to gain synergies of scale and global integration for the many brands that it has under its belt and therefore a transnational strategy is the best option for Nestle’s in the future (Barney and Hesterly, 2008).Does this overall strategic posture make sense given the markets and countries that Nestle participates in? Why? The overall strategic posture of Nestle makes a lot of sense given the fact that it is operating in virtually every country in the worl d, with a huge presence in the emerging markets. According to Hill (2006), that multidomestic strategy is appropriate in a market where the pressures for local responsiveness is very high and as a results the pressures for the cost reduction is low.Especially, pressures for local responsiveness can be very high in some productions, such as food, chocolates, dairy nutrition and etc. From the time when consumers have many national differences in tastes and preferences, distribution channels, competitive conditions, business practices, culture and government policies in the markets in which Nestle operates, therefore following a multidomestic strategy is beneficial for the Company.The difference in cultures and purchasing power (Prahalad et al, 1998) in the middle class population in emerging markets imply that in order for a first mover to gain advantage, it must be willing to adapt its product and offer in accordance with the needs of the local market. Figure 3 Source: http://www. do cstoc. com/docs/5632428/Ethnocentric-Polycentric-Geocentric-Diagr ams As stated in the previous section the overall strategy that is currently being followed by Nestle’s is one that focuses on local market responsiveness over global integration, which in effect results in a multi domestic strategy (Shackman, 2007, pp. 79 – 488). It is no doubt however that such a strategy has indeed helped the company to gain the level of success that it currently enjoys in emerging markets, and therefore can be considered as good. However we should always remember that strategies should promise equal or more success in the future as they do for the company today (Cabrera and Cabrera, 2003, pp. 41) and therefore reviewing the strategy from such an angle would work to the benefit of the company in the long run.The company currently follows a regiocentric attitude as is clear from the illustrations above, while it can be reiterated that this type of structure and strategy works to the ad vantage of the company, in the long run as the emerging markets being to mature and the company continues on its mergers and acquisitions strategies to enter new markets in Eastern Europe, it will become essential that the company gains some level of global synergy and integration (Mcwilliams, Van Fleet, & Wright, 2001, pp. 1).Therefore it is the recommendation of the writer that the company begins to embark on a transnational strategy with a Geocentric attitude, which will eventually help it to have a more global view with flexibility to make necessary changes at local level whenever and as frequently as needed (Donaldson & O'Toole, 2002). Therefore in conclusion it can be stated that even though the current strategic posture makes sense, it needs to be reviewed and modified if the company is to continue to penetrate, gain and retain market share in the emerging economies as well as the developed economies the world over (Mockler, 1999).Is Nestle's management structure and philosop hy aligned with its overall strategic posture? The overall structure and the strategy of the company as stated previously and has been made clear to the reader throughout the case study, is that the company pursues a multi domestic strategy, due to the need to have a high responsiveness to the local market needs (Drejer, 2002).While this is impressive, the company goes further to also ensure that it is staffed by local nationals in the host countries and that power and authority is decentralised as much as possible, again indicating that the management structure is indeed very much aligned to its philosophy of local autonomy and its multi domestic strategy (Silverman, 2002).However instead of relying on the local managers alone, the company also has a pool of at least 700 expatriate managers who travel from one country to another ensuring that the local and regional strategies of the company are upheld and global integration is a possibility (Mintzberg & Rose, 2003, pp. 70 – 277), while this may sound like a sound and often a wise move on the part of the company, the fact that none of the regional international managers get involved in local level stratey design and the fact that none of the local level managers are involved in the global strategy design and development leaves a disconnect that can cost the company dearly in the long run and therefore it is necessary to take a close look at the integration of both and make changes wherever necessary (Betz, 2001).Based on everything that has been stated above, it is therefore the opinion of the writer that greater global integration is necessary as the company moves forward and hopes to retain its place as a market leader by gaining large shares of the market in emerging economies, which it has strived hard to build over the last few decades. In effect it is therefore necessary to ensure that there is high levels of global integration and simultaneously ensure that there is high levels of local market re sponsiveness as well (Lefkowith, 2001, pp. 20).As stated previously this is only possible if the company follows a transnational strategy and this strategy and philosophy should be made a possibility by changing the current management structure within the company to one that allows for regional managers to gain an understanding of local issues and challenges and vice versa. This will help the company to align its goals and objectives both on an international local level and thus be more integrated in both spheres. Read more: http://www. ukessays. com/essays/marketing/nestle-case-study-assinemnt-marketin Nestle Case Study NESTLE CASE STUDY With reference to the Nestle case study, provide one example which clearly illustrates a link between topics or concepts drawn from at least two pre-requisite modules. The Nestle case study provides a number of examples which illustrate links between Strategic management, Methods of Enquiry and Accounting for decision making concepts. Nestle is one of the oldest of all multinational business. Nowadays, Nestle is one of the biggest food and nutrition companies in 86 countries in the world. Hill, 2009 pp). Nestle was involved with a range of acquisitions in the last years in order to extend its line of products and try to expand on a geographical scale. Since its sales are reducing in developed markets, Nestle has the opportunity to expand business in up and coming countries, which is going to generate more profit for the company. Up and coming countries is one sector that Nestle is going to invest money in because it has the potential to be a strong and attractive ma rket.Nestle feels confident in doing so because in such countries population economy and technology has experienced a rapid growth. (Datamonitor, 2006). Nestles long-term strategy is to identify the quickly expanding countries first and get into the market as soon as possible in order to take advantage of other competitors. However, it first has to hold the leading position in the developed markets where it is currently placed. Also Nestle has to hire local managers and staff in the developing markets that understand the local market dynamic and culture.As explained above there is a link between Nestle’s strategy and the Strategic management, because companies employ managers from respective countries in the local companies due to the fact that they understand the local market dynamics. By hiring local manager they can take advantage of the local knowledge and own culture of the country. FIGURE 1 Figure 1 Source: Own diagram It is a huge advantage that Nestle works with local managers in fast rising emerging countries. As a result, Nestle will have quick results which lead to quick profits.As we can see in FIGURE 1 above, Nestle is closely related to the Strategic management module because companies will have a range of research(reports) on fast growing countries. Therefore, they will have the ability to balance the services they are able to provide (food, cereals, coffee, chocolate, drinks, ice cream, etc) (Nestle 2011), with the price that customers are willing to pay. For example, if people cannot afford the Nestle products then they will not expand in such countries but focus their attention and invest in countries where people are able to buy their products.Also, Nestle is connected with methods of enquiry with Emerging markets. Companies will have less space to roam around and make decision considering that much of their movements are controlled by the market reaction. This means that emerging markets are countries with social or business activiti es in the process of rapid growth and industrialization. The Nestle case study as clearly explained above illustrates a good link with the Strategic Management/Methods of Enquiry and the Market dynamic/Emerging markets respectively. Does it make sense for Nestle to focus its growth efforts on emerging markets? Why?The recent financial crisis that reverberated throughout the globe was a clear indicator of the interdependence and the codependence that globalization has created while simultaneously making it clear to everyone that the emerging economies, especially those that make up BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) are more resilient than western economies, thus making them engines of growth that have helped the recovery effort in the last few years. Therefore from that point of view alone it can be stated that yes, Nestle’s strategy to focus its growth efforts in developing or emerging markets is indeed a sound one.However this does not mean that the ability of these mar kets to recover faster than the western economies should bebe sole reason for such a decision. Rather there are many more and varying reasons that need to be taken into consideration. The onset of globalization for one thing has helped uplift the living standards of many in China and India and millions of families have climbed out of poverty and are able to aspire to better life styles and a better standard of living, thus creating new markets companies like Nestle (Latshaw and Choi, 2002, pp. 7). Next as has been stated in the case study, the number of individuals who can be considered as middle class in these two economies alone will exceed 700 million in the coming decade, which is more than the entire population of 500 million in the European region or the 300 million in the United States, thus making this a very lucrative market for Nestle and one that needs to be exploited with immediate effect (Crook, Bratton, Street & Ketchen, 2006, pp. 09 – 412). Besides the above Ne stle as a multi national company has a decentralised structure and has often emphasised the need for attracting, recruiting and selecting host country nationals to be employed in its’ manufacturing plants across the world and this again is a very strategic and wise decision (Cesnovar, 2006, pp. 227 – 229).By decreasing unemployment rates, being socially responsible corporate citizen and helping to uplift the standard of living in these regions of the world, the company is earning the respect of the population, which can soon be converted to public relations win, thus it can be stated that this strategy makes immense sense at the present time (Mclean, 2006, pp. 36).Last but not least it should also be stated that by gaining ‘first mover advantage’ of providing basic food stuffs through which brand loyalty is created the company stands to gain much as most consumers will not switch to other brands but rather decide to stick with the trusted brand even when t hey are ready to move to the more upscale and upmarket products that are provided by the company (Gratton, Hailey, Stiles & Truss, 1999).Therefore it can be stated that from every point of view, whether it is as a consumer products manufacturer or an employer, Nestle stands to gain much through this growth strategy of focusing on emerging markets. What is the company's strategy with regard to business development in emerging markets- Does this strategy make sense- From an organizational perspective, what is required for this strategy to work effectively?As is clear from the information that has been provided in the case study, Nestle uses a variety of different strategies to develop its business activities and markets in the emerging markets. While many maybe of the opinion that only one or two strategies should be used in order to ensure that synergies of scale are gained and that there is consistency across the operations, such a customization of strategy to meet the specific need s of an economy is highly commendable (Marshall, Smith & Buxton, 2009, pp. 4 – 18). For instance in countries like India and China, Nestle has entered the market by providing low cost brand name basic food stuff like condensed milk and infant formula, in doing so the company has also located its manufacturing plants within the countries and the regions, employed host country nationals and helped uplift their living standards.Thus not only has the company provided them with a livelihood by employing them and purchasing local produce from local farmers and businessman, but in doing so has also created loyalty to its brand, which is something priceless (Karake-Shalhoub, 1999). As the living standards and the income levels of these individuals and entrepreneurs increase, they will no doubt continue to be loyal to the Nestle brand and purchase the more upscale and products that are sold by the company, when they are ready to move from basic food stuffs to more branded and upscale foods stuffs like cookies and chocolate.Likewise another strategy that is being used by the company is to enter markets like Nigeria and China and invest in basic infrastructure to ensure smooth distribution channels, while many may see this as a waste, in the long run, the company has gained a strong foothold in the marketplace, created job opportunities and further increased the visibility of its brand nd thus increased entry barriers for the competition (Sims, 2003), thus it can be stated that this is indeed a very good business development strategy that is being followed by the company at the present time. From an organisational perspective for an a strategy to work effectively it is necessary to ensure that the strategy is developed in such a manner that it would fit the market needs and help the company to gain a comparative advantage (Oladunjoye & Onyeaso, 2007, pp. 92 – 598). Based on everything that has been stated above and the manner in which Nestle’s is cur rently operating in China, India, Africa, the Middle East and Eastern Europe, it is clear that the company has adopted many different successful strategies that are helping it to gain a competitive edge in these markets while continuing to benefit from the ‘first mover’ advantage that it has created for itself. Through research on NESTLE, identify appropriate performance indicators.Once you have gathered relevant data on these, undertake a performance analysis of the company over the last five years. What does the analysis tell you about the success or otherwise of the strategy adopted by the company? An analysis of Nestle’s performance indicates that the Company has been able to improve its performance over the years. The sales of the Company reached a record of US $73 billion, and growth in profits was 20. 7% in 2005. In 2005, Europe amounted to 30% of sales, Americas 34%, and Asia, Oceania and Africa 17% of the sales.Nestle is aware that it need to adjust its offering if it is to reach its target of 5-6% growth per year. (Country Monitor, 2006). Public Image – In a world that is becoming increasingly complex, consumer needs and wants continue to become more sophisticated on a daily basis. Unlike in the past when companies could simply mass produce and sell products to the end user, today, consumers are demanding more not only in terms of pricing and quality but also in terms of corporate social responsibility.Therefore it is necessary for Nestle to continuously monitor and manage its public image and it is also very important from a strategic perspective that the company is seen as a socially responsible corporate citizen (Niederhut-Bollmann & Theuvsen, 2008, 63 – 68). Compared to many other multi national companies, Nestle’s has not earned the public ire for being irresponsible socially, however as the global slave trade for chocolate manufacturers comes to light it is essential that Nestle’s looks at ways an d means to ensure that it is not ensnared in such a public relations nightmare.Sales Growth – This is a very important performance indicators and should give the company a sense of its successes and failures in terms of strategy. Currently the company has been doing very well on this front and should carefully monitor the external and the internal environments for any factors that may pose a threat to its continued success in this area (Roberts, 2001, pp, 25 – 28). Following a growth strategy in emerging markets is actually a very good strategy that has paid off and continues to pay off, however this does not mean that the company can afford to be laid back on this score.Market Share – By gaining ‘first mover advantage’ the company has been able to gain and retain its market share through the years, however it is also necessary that the company continues to learn from its past mistakes in Japan and other countries, where it did not take the competit ion seriously and therefore has lost much in terms of market share that it could otherwise have gained (Odagiri, 1992).Blue Ocean Strategies – As markets continue to mature and other markets continue to develop it is imperative that the company focuses its attention on research and development and creates ‘blue oceans’ in order to find new markets (Gubman, 2004, pp. 13). This is something that Nestle is currently lagging at and needs to pay particular attention to with immediate effect.Based on everything that has been stated above it is therefore clear that while the company does excel in areas such as managing its public image and sales growth, there is much more improvement needed to be made in the search for innovative market strategies that will help force it to success in the future. How would you describe Nestle's strategic posture at the corporate level; is it pursuing a global strategy, a multidomestic strategy an international strategy or a transnationa l strategy? Figure 2 – Which Structure to Choose? Source: http://www. wiziq. com/tutorial/380-International-StrategyIllustrated above is a depiction of the different corporate level strategies that can be adopted by multi national companies the world over. Such strategy is often chosen on the degree of need for global integration and local market responsiveness (Kaplan and Norton, 2001, pp. 87). Based on the information that has been provided in the case study it is clear that Nestle is a company that need to gain a high level of local market responsiveness due to the variety of different business development related strategies that is pursuing in different parts of the world.For instance while in the Middle East it has entered the markets by building five different lines of products that it hopes will be distributed across the region as trade barriers fall, in countries like China and India, it is pursuing a different strategy of meeting the basic food needs of the populatio n with items such as infant formula and condensed milk. It is the intention of the company in these markets that once standards of living increase, they can leave these Niche markets and provide consumers with more upscale and upmarket products like chocolates and cookies.Further it can also be stated that as a company with only 1% of its revenue being earned in the home country and 8000 different brands, global integration is a must (Lowson, 2002). Therefore it is the opinion of the writer that Nestle need to choose between the multi domestic strategy and a transnational strategy and not swing from one to another, because doing so would only result in the company loosing focus of its final aim, which is to be a global consumer food products leader (George, 2007, pp. 6 – 71). Based on the information that has been provided in the case study it is the opinion of the writer that Nestle’s should choose a transnational strategy because it balances both the global integrati on needs of the company and the local market responsiveness that is necessary to ensure that the company’s products will be competitive and continue to meet the needs of the local population in the emerging markets that it is operating in (Marks, 2005, pp. 1).While many maybe of the opinion that the company should continue to pursue its multi domestic strategy as it has worked well for it in the past, the changing needs of the global environment and the development taking place in the emerging markets make it necessary to gain synergies of scale and global integration for the many brands that it has under its belt and therefore a transnational strategy is the best option for Nestle’s in the future (Barney and Hesterly, 2008).Does this overall strategic posture make sense given the markets and countries that Nestle participates in? Why? The overall strategic posture of Nestle makes a lot of sense given the fact that it is operating in virtually every country in the worl d, with a huge presence in the emerging markets. According to Hill (2006), that multidomestic strategy is appropriate in a market where the pressures for local responsiveness is very high and as a results the pressures for the cost reduction is low.Especially, pressures for local responsiveness can be very high in some productions, such as food, chocolates, dairy nutrition and etc. From the time when consumers have many national differences in tastes and preferences, distribution channels, competitive conditions, business practices, culture and government policies in the markets in which Nestle operates, therefore following a multidomestic strategy is beneficial for the Company.The difference in cultures and purchasing power (Prahalad et al, 1998) in the middle class population in emerging markets imply that in order for a first mover to gain advantage, it must be willing to adapt its product and offer in accordance with the needs of the local market. Figure 3 Source: http://www. do cstoc. com/docs/5632428/Ethnocentric-Polycentric-Geocentric-Diagr ams As stated in the previous section the overall strategy that is currently being followed by Nestle’s is one that focuses on local market responsiveness over global integration, which in effect results in a multi domestic strategy (Shackman, 2007, pp. 79 – 488). It is no doubt however that such a strategy has indeed helped the company to gain the level of success that it currently enjoys in emerging markets, and therefore can be considered as good. However we should always remember that strategies should promise equal or more success in the future as they do for the company today (Cabrera and Cabrera, 2003, pp. 41) and therefore reviewing the strategy from such an angle would work to the benefit of the company in the long run.The company currently follows a regiocentric attitude as is clear from the illustrations above, while it can be reiterated that this type of structure and strategy works to the ad vantage of the company, in the long run as the emerging markets being to mature and the company continues on its mergers and acquisitions strategies to enter new markets in Eastern Europe, it will become essential that the company gains some level of global synergy and integration (Mcwilliams, Van Fleet, & Wright, 2001, pp. 1).Therefore it is the recommendation of the writer that the company begins to embark on a transnational strategy with a Geocentric attitude, which will eventually help it to have a more global view with flexibility to make necessary changes at local level whenever and as frequently as needed (Donaldson & O'Toole, 2002). Therefore in conclusion it can be stated that even though the current strategic posture makes sense, it needs to be reviewed and modified if the company is to continue to penetrate, gain and retain market share in the emerging economies as well as the developed economies the world over (Mockler, 1999).Is Nestle's management structure and philosop hy aligned with its overall strategic posture? The overall structure and the strategy of the company as stated previously and has been made clear to the reader throughout the case study, is that the company pursues a multi domestic strategy, due to the need to have a high responsiveness to the local market needs (Drejer, 2002).While this is impressive, the company goes further to also ensure that it is staffed by local nationals in the host countries and that power and authority is decentralised as much as possible, again indicating that the management structure is indeed very much aligned to its philosophy of local autonomy and its multi domestic strategy (Silverman, 2002).However instead of relying on the local managers alone, the company also has a pool of at least 700 expatriate managers who travel from one country to another ensuring that the local and regional strategies of the company are upheld and global integration is a possibility (Mintzberg & Rose, 2003, pp. 70 – 277), while this may sound like a sound and often a wise move on the part of the company, the fact that none of the regional international managers get involved in local level stratey design and the fact that none of the local level managers are involved in the global strategy design and development leaves a disconnect that can cost the company dearly in the long run and therefore it is necessary to take a close look at the integration of both and make changes wherever necessary (Betz, 2001).Based on everything that has been stated above, it is therefore the opinion of the writer that greater global integration is necessary as the company moves forward and hopes to retain its place as a market leader by gaining large shares of the market in emerging economies, which it has strived hard to build over the last few decades. In effect it is therefore necessary to ensure that there is high levels of global integration and simultaneously ensure that there is high levels of local market re sponsiveness as well (Lefkowith, 2001, pp. 20).As stated previously this is only possible if the company follows a transnational strategy and this strategy and philosophy should be made a possibility by changing the current management structure within the company to one that allows for regional managers to gain an understanding of local issues and challenges and vice versa. This will help the company to align its goals and objectives both on an international local level and thus be more integrated in both spheres. Read more: http://www. ukessays. com/essays/marketing/nestle-case-study-assinemnt-marketin